Elasticsearch基本使用

一、定义一个索引

定义一个索引这个操作，在官方中叫做mappings，如果非要给mappings一个翻译，那么可以不恰当的说，mappings就是类似于关系型数据库的表结构，下面来看一下官方给mappings下的定义：
Mapping is the process of defining how a document, and the fields it contains, are stored and indexed. For instance, use mappings to define:

• which string fields should be treated as full text fields.
• which fields contain numbers, dates, or geolocations.
• the format of date values.
• custom rules to control the mapping for dynamically added fields.
  意思就是mappings就是定义一个文档、一个字段是如何被存储，被建立索引，例如，哪一个字段应该被建立全文索引，哪一个字段包含数值、日期、地理位置信息，如何格式化时间，当动态添加field的时候，如何自动定义这个field的类型。来一个例子，定义一个user_detail索引：

PUT /user_detail
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": { "type": "long"  },
      "name": { "type": "keyword" },
      "height": { "type": "float"  }, 
      "weight": { "type": "float"  }, 
      "birthTime": { "type": "date",
          "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
        }, 
      "age": { "type": "integer"}, 
      "birthPlace": { "type": "text"  },
      "phone": { "type": "keyword" }
    }
  }
}

见名知意，各个字段意思为，id，姓名，身高，体重，出生时间，年龄，出生地，电话号码。

二、添加数据

添加10条数据：

PUT /user_detail/_doc/1
{
  "name": "杨希菲",
  "height": 178.15,
  "weight": 70.08,
  "birthTime": "1990-01-15 18:40:13",
  "age": 29,
  "birthPlace": "河南省南阳市新野县中集镇石沟村18号",
  "phone": "13126672335"
}

PUT /user_detail/_doc/2
{
  "name": "宋振虎",
  "height": 175.15,
  "weight": 60.08,
  "birthTime": "1995-06-25 08:40:13",
  "age": 24,
  "birthPlace": "河南省南阳市淅川县上集镇郭沟村23号",
  "phone": "14126675335"
}

PUT /user_detail/_doc/3
{
  "name": "杨宗梅",
  "height": 174.15,
  "weight": 75.08,
  "birthTime": "1993-07-23 09:40:13",
  "age": 29,
  "birthPlace": "河南省南阳市新野县舞美镇李家村18号",
  "phone": "13127672337"
}

PUT /user_detail/_doc/4
{
  "name": "朱先进",
  "height": 177.15,
  "weight": 77.21,
  "birthTime": "1992-01-15 18:40:13",
  "age": 27,
  "birthPlace": "河南省南阳市淅川县上集镇朱家村49号",
  "phone": "13126672335"
}

PUT /user_detail/_doc/5
{
  "name": "张康",
  "height": 165.15,
  "weight": 55.08,
  "birthTime": "1991-09-15 18:40:13",
  "age": 28,
  "birthPlace": "河南省南阳市新野县祥林镇东街村18号",
  "phone": "13826672339"
}

PUT /user_detail/_doc/6
{
  "name": "贞洁林",
  "height": 170.15,
  "weight": 60.08,
  "birthTime": "1993-03-15 18:40:13",
  "age": 26,
  "birthPlace": "河南省南阳市新野县黄庙镇贞美村18号",
  "phone": "13127672435"
}

PUT /user_detail/_doc/7
{
  "name": "赵美琪",
  "height": 160.15,
  "weight": 55.08,
  "birthTime": "1992-08-15 17:40:13",
  "age": 27,
  "birthPlace": "河南省南阳市淅川县九重镇赵家村18号",
  "phone": "13127682335"
}

PUT /user_detail/_doc/8
{
  "name": "李洁",
  "height": 172.15,
  "weight": 66.08,
  "birthTime": "1993-03-15 18:40:13",
  "age": 26,
  "birthPlace": "河南省南阳市镇平县黄流镇李家村18号",
  "phone": "13226972335"
}

PUT /user_detail/_doc/9
{
  "name": "甄东环",
  "height": 170.15,
  "weight": 60.08,
  "birthTime": "1991-03-15 18:40:13",
  "age": 28,
  "birthPlace": "河南省郑州市中牟县桃花镇先平村18号",
  "phone": "18129672335"
}

PUT /user_detail/_doc/10
{
  "name": "靳美丽",
  "height": 165.15,
  "weight": 49.08,
  "birthTime": "1993-08-15 18:40:13",
  "age": 26,
  "birthPlace": "河南省驻马店市长虹县下焦镇黄花村18号",
  "phone": "13126572135"
}

注意：以上数据纯属虚构，如有侵权请及时联系我。

三、查询数据

1、查询全部数据

POST /user_detail/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

2、查询1993年出生的人

POST /user_detail/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "range": {
            "birthTime": {
              "gte": "1993-01-01 00:00:00",
              "lte": "1993-12-31 00:00:00"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

3、查询年龄为26并且身高超过173的人

POST /user_detail/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"term": {
          "age": {
            "value": 26
          }
        }}
      ],
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "height": {
            "gte": 170
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

4、查询年龄等于24或者29的人

POST /user_detail/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "term": {
            "age": {
              "value": 24
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "age": {
              "value": 29
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

三、聚合数据

1、查询所有人的年龄之和

POST /user_detail/_search?size=0
{
  "aggs": {
    "aggs_sum_age": {
      "sum": {
        "field": "age"
      }
    }
  }
}

2、查询所有人年龄的平均值

POST /user_detail/_search?size=0
{
  "aggs": {
    "aggs_avg_age": {
      "avg": {
        "field": "age"
      }
    }
  }
}

3、查询26岁的人的平均身高

POST /user_detail/_search?size=0
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "age": 26
    }
  },
  "aggs": {
    "age_26_avg_height": {
      "avg": {
        "field": "height"
      }
    }
  }
}

4、按照年龄