1、@Autowired
- @Qualifier
- @Primary
2、@Resource
3、@Inject
@Autowired 自动装配
自动装配:
Spring利用依赖注入(DI),完成对IOC容器中中各个组件的依赖关系赋值;
@Autowired:自动注入:
- 默认优先按照类型去容器中找对应的组件,找到就赋值;
- 如果找到多个相同类型的组件,再将属性的名称作为组件的id去容器中查找;
- @Qualifier(“beanName”):使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的组件的id,而不是使用属性名;
- 自动装配如果找不到组件就会报错;可以使用@Autowired(required=false);找到就装配,没有就拉倒;
- @Primary:让Spring进行自动装配的时候,默认使用首选的bean;也可以继续使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的bean的名字;
1、@Autowired自动装配
//dao 注册到Bean的组件名称:bookDao
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Repository
public class BookDao {
//标识
private String lable = "1";
}
//service
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao;
}
//controller
@Controller
public class BookController {
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;
}
//配置类
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.spring.dao","com.spring.service","com.spring.controller"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {
}
//测试类
@Test
public void test01(){
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConifgOfAutowired.class);
System.out.println("创建容器完成!");
String[] names = applicationContext.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for (String name : names) {
System.out.println(name);
}
}
//打印
mainConifgOfAutowired
bookDao
bookService
bookController
2、如果容器中有多个Dao(相同类型的组件),再将属性的名称作为组件的id去容器中查找
//配置类
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.spring.dao","com.spring.service","com.spring.controller"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {
@Bean("bookDao2")
public BookDao bookDao(){
return new BookDao("2");
}
}
@Test
public void test01(){
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConifgOfAutowired.class);
BookService bookService = (BookService) applicationContext.getBean("bookService");
System.out.println(bookService);
}
//打印
BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=1))
3、@Qualifier(“bookDao”):使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的组件的id,而不是使用属性名
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Qualifier("bookDao")
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao;
}
//再次测试打印
BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=2))
4、自动装配如果找不到组件就会报错;可以使用@Autowired(required=false);
指定一个不存在的组件bookDao3,设置@Autowired属性 required=false
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Qualifier("bookDao3")
@Autowired(required = false)
private BookDao bookDao;
}
//打印
BookService(bookDao=null)
5、@Primary:让Spring进行自动装配的时候,默认使用首选的bean;也可以继续使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的bean的名字;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.atguigu.dao","com.atguigu.service","com.atguigu.controller"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {
@Primary //首选组件
@Bean("bookDao2")
public BookDao bookDao(){
return new BookDao("2");
}
}
//再次测试打印
BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=2))
//也可以继续使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的bean的名字;
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Qualifier("bookDao")
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao;
}
//再次测试打印
BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=1))
@Resource 自动装配
@Resource(JSR250规范):可以和@Autowired一样实现自动装配功能;默认是按照组件名称进行装配的;
不支持@Primary功能,不支持@Autowired(reqiured=false);
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Resource
private BookDao bookDao;
}
//打印
BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=1))
//也可以指定组件名
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Resource(name="bookDao2")
private BookDao bookDao;
}
//打印
BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=2))
@Inject 自动装配
@Inject(JSR330规范):需要导入javax.inject的包,和Autowired的功能一样支持@Primary注解; 不支持required=false的功能;
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
<version>1</version>
</dependency>
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Inject
private BookDao bookDao;
}
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.spring.dao","com.spring.service","com.spring.controller"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {
//@Primary
@Bean("bookDao2")
public BookDao bookDao(){
return new BookDao("2");
}
}
//不加@Primary打印:BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=1))
//加@Primary打印:BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=2))
@Autowired:Spring定义的;
@Resource、@Inject都是java规范;
总结
-
@Autowired:按属性进行注入,如果有多个属性相同的Bean,再按照Bean的id注入;可以通过@Qualifier(“id”) 指定id;可以设置@Primary 为首选Bean,可以指定@Autowired(required = false) 找不到Bean不强行注入;
-
@Resource:默认按组件名称进行装配的;不支持@Primary功能,不支持@Autowired(reqiured=false);
-
@Inject:需要导入javax.inject的包,和Autowired的功能一样支持@Primary注解; 没有required=false的功能;
开发中我们应该用那一个自动装配的注解?根据需求;推荐 @Autowired