写在前面
作为一名android开发者,要时时刻刻跟随技术的发展潮流,OKHttp作为当下最流行的网络请求框架我们不得不重视,它的原理也几乎是面试时必问的问题,故而对其进行学习并纪录之。
几个类
OKHttpClient
okhttp3在项目中发起请求的代码如下:
okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
OKHttpClient 类中组合了很多的类对象,并且继承了Call.Factory,提供的方法只有一个:newCall,返回的是一个Call对象(实际是RealCall是Call的实现类)。
@Override
public Call newCall(Request request) {
return new RealCall(this, request);
}
使用okHttpClient最好创建一个单例,因为每一个client都有自己的一个连接池connection pool和线程池thread pools。重用这些连接池和线程池可以减少延迟和节约内存。
okHttpClient使用了builder模式
public static final class Builder {
Dispatcher dispatcher;
Proxy proxy;
List<Protocol> protocols;
List<ConnectionSpec> connectionSpecs;
final List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
final List<Interceptor> networkInterceptors = new ArrayList<>();
ProxySelector proxySelector;
CookieJar cookieJar;
Cache cache;
InternalCache internalCache;
SocketFactory socketFactory;
SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory;
CertificateChainCleaner certificateChainCleaner;
HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier;
CertificatePinner certificatePinner;
Authenticator proxyAuthenticator;
Authenticator authenticator;
ConnectionPool connectionPool;
Dns dns;
boolean followSslRedirects;
boolean followRedirects;
boolean retryOnConnectionFailure;
int connectTimeout;
int readTimeout;
int writeTimeout;
...
}
可以看到OKHttpClient中包含的所有字段。
Dispatcher
Dispatcher我们可以理解为一个执行策略(官方这样说的:Policy on when async requests are executed.),当我们调用newCall时,它不断的从RequestQueue中取出请求(Call),该引擎有同步和异步请求,同步请求通过Call.execute()直接返 回当前的Response,而异步请求会把当前的请求Call.enqueue添加(AsyncCall)到请求队列中,并通过回调(Callback) 的方式来获取最后结果。
synchronized void executed(RealCall call) {
runningSyncCalls.add(call);
}
synchronized void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
if (runningAsyncCalls.size() < maxRequests && runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
executorService().execute(call);
} else {
readyAsyncCalls.add(call);
}
}
注意到,这里enqueue方法中有一个判断:如果当前运行的异步请求队列长度小于最大请求数,也就是64,并且主机的请求数小于每个主机的请求数也就是5,则把当前请求添加到 运行队列,接着交给线程池ExecutorService处理,否则则放置到readAsyncCall进行缓存,等待执行。
Call
public interface Call {
Request request();
Response execute() throws IOException;
void enqueue(Callback responseCallback);
void cancel();
boolean isExecuted();
boolean isCanceled();
interface Factory {
Call newCall(Request request);
}
}
Call是一个接口类,定义了Http请求的方法,并提供了一个内部接口Factory,OkHttpClient即实现了该接口。
RealCall
RealCall是Call的实现类,里面最主要的两个方法是execute和enqueue。
final class RealCall implements Call {
...
@Override
public Response execute() throws IOException {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
try {
client.dispatcher().executed(this);
Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
return result;
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
...
@Override
public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
}
...
}
可以看到该类中的execute和enqueue都调用了dispatcher中的executed和enqueue(代码前面已贴)。
上面的代码中也可以解释我们前面所说的:“同步请求通过Call.execute()直接返 回当前的Response,而异步请求会把当前的请求Call.enqueue添加(AsyncCall)到请求队列中,并通过回调(Callback) 的方式来获取最后结果。”
execute通过getResponseWithInterceptorChain获取返回Response。
同步方法上面的代码已经足够了, 这里重点说一下异步请求如何获得返回的结果:
再回到Dispatcher类,enqueue异步方法中执行了executorService().execute(call),executorService()代码如下:
public synchronized ExecutorService executorService() {
if (executorService == null) {
executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(), Util.threadFactory("OkHttp Dispatcher", false));
}
return executorService;
}
可以看到上面的代码中用到了线程池,这也就意味着后半句的executor(call)必然涉及到了多线程的问题,我们来看代码:
public interface Executor {
void execute(Runnable command);
}
可以看到execute的参数是一个Runnable,这也意味着AsyncCall必然是一个Runnable的子类。下面来看AsyncCall的源码:
AsyncCall
final class AsyncCall extends NamedRunnable {
private final Callback responseCallback;
private AsyncCall(Callback responseCallback) {
super("OkHttp %s", redactedUrl().toString());
this.responseCallback = responseCallback;
}
...
@Override protected void execute() {
boolean signalledCallback = false;
try {
Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled()) {
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
} else {
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
if (signalledCallback) {
// Do not signal the callback twice!
Platform.get().log(INFO, "Callback failure for " + toLoggableString(), e);
} else {
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e);
}
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
}
...
}
从上面的代码中我们可以看到AysncCall继承自NamedRunnable抽象类,并且会执行execute方法,而execute方法中我们又看到了熟悉的代码:
Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
可见返回结果也是通过调用这个方法得到的,只不过与同步相比中间增加了一些过程,并且请求结果是通过responseCallBack返回。
我们来看一下这个方法的代码:
private Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
// Build a full stack of interceptors.
List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());
interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);
interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));
interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));
interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));
if (!retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isForWebSocket()) {
interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
}
interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(
retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isForWebSocket()));
Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(
interceptors, null, null, null, 0, originalRequest);
return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
}
可以看到,这个方法中主要是用到了Interceptor类。
Interceptor
public interface Interceptor {
Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException;
interface Chain {
Request request();
Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException;
Connection connection();
}
}
Interceptor接口代码很少,但是;却是okhttp中非常核心的类,它把实际的网络请求、缓存、透明压缩等功能都统一了起来,每一个功能都是一个Interceptor,它们再连成一个Interceptor.Chain,环环相扣,完成一次网络请求。
分析getResponseWithInterceptorChain()方法中用到的interceptor:
1,通过client设置的interceptors(即builder.addInterceptor())
2,RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor,负责重试和重定向
3,BridgeInterceptor,首先将应用层的数据类型转换为网络调用层的数据类型,然后将网络层返回的数据类型转换为应用层的数据类型
4,CacheInterceptor,负责读取缓存,更新缓存
5,ConnectInterceptor,负责和服务器建立起链接
6,networkInterceptors,client设置的networkInterceptor
7,CallServerInterceptor,负责向服务器发送请求数据、从服务器读取响应数据
最后一个interceptor是负责跟服务器通讯的,其他的interceptor配置都要在此之前
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
HttpStream httpStream = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).httpStream();
StreamAllocation streamAllocation = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).streamAllocation();
Request request = chain.request();
long sentRequestMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
httpStream.writeRequestHeaders(request);
if (HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(request.method()) && request.body() != null) {
Sink requestBodyOut = httpStream.createRequestBody(request, request.body().contentLength());
BufferedSink bufferedRequestBody = Okio.buffer(requestBodyOut);
request.body().writeTo(bufferedRequestBody);
bufferedRequestBody.close();
}
httpStream.finishRequest();
Response response = httpStream.readResponseHeaders()
.request(request)
.handshake(streamAllocation.connection().handshake())
.sentRequestAtMillis(sentRequestMillis)
.receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())
.build();
if (!forWebSocket || response.code() != 101) {
response = response.newBuilder()
.body(httpStream.openResponseBody(response))
.build();
}
...
return response;
}
Http请求流程图