Elasticsearch 之 查询 JSON 字段返回部分特定内容值

JSON嵌套数据查询过滤返回关联子元素信息

Elasticsearch官方说明文档:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.6/search-request-inner-hits.html

针对 nested 类型字段参数,使用 Inner hits 关键字查询返回其关联子元素,如下面例子所示:

创建mapping

创建名称为 demo,类型为 test_data 的索引

put demo

{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 4,
    "number_of_replicas": 1
  },
  "mappings": {
    "test_data": {
      "properties": {
        "id": {
          "type": "long"
        },
        "title": {
          "type": "text"
        },
        "university": {
          "type": "nested",
          "properties": {
            "name": {
              "type": "text"
            },
            "foundingYear": {
              "type": "date"
            },
            "address": {
              "type": "text"
            },
            "college": {
              "type": "nested",
              "properties": {
                "name": {
                  "type": "text"
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

写入测试数据

put demo/test_data
{
  "id": 1,
  "title": "北京市学校信息列表",
  "university": [
    {
      "name": "清华大学",
      "address": "北京市海淀区双清路30号",
      "foundingYear": "1911-04-09",
      "college": [
        {
          "name": "土木水利学院"
        },
        {
          "name": "信息科学技术学院"
        },
        {
          "name": "材料学院"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "北京大学",
      "address": "北京市海淀区颐和园路5号",
      "foundingYear": "1898-06-01",
      "college": [
        {
          "name": "经济学院"
        },
        {
          "name": "外国语学院"
        },
        {
          "name": "信息科学技术学院"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

put demo/test_data
{
  "id": 2,
  "title": "上海市学校信息列表",
  "university": [
    {
      "name": "复旦大学",
      "address": "上海市杨浦区邯郸路220号",
      "foundingYear": "1905-06-29",
      "college": [
        {
          "name": "哲学学院"
        },
        {
          "name": "信息科学与工程学院"
        },
        {
          "name": "计算机科学技术学院"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "上海交通大学",
      "address": "上海市闵行区东川路800号",
      "foundingYear": "1896-12-01",
      "college": [
        {
          "name": "船舶海洋与建筑工程学院"
        },
        {
          "name": "环境科学与工程学院"
        },
        {
          "name": "外国语学院"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

测试检索查询

OK,上面两步已经将demo索引创建好了,并且写入了测试数据。

  1. 查询学校(university)name 中包含 “清华” 的信息,并且只返回命中的该学校的信息
post demo/test_data/_search

{
  "_source": {
    "includes": [
      "*"
    ],
    "excludes": [
      "university"
    ]
  },
  "query": {
    "nested": {
      "path": "university",
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            {
              "match": {
                "university.name": "清华"
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "inner_hits": {}
    }
  }
}

结果为下图
在这里插入图片描述
2. 查询学校下的学院(college)name 中包含 “技术” 的信息,并且只返回命中的该学院的信息

post demo/test_data/_search

{
  "_source": {
    "includes": [
      "*"
    ],
    "excludes": [
      "university"
    ]
  },
  "query": {
    "nested": {
      "path": "university.college",
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            {
              "match": {
                "university.college.name": "技术"
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "inner_hits": {}
    }
  }
}

结果如下:

{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 4,
        "successful": 4,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 2.7368987,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "demo",
                "_type": "test_data",
                "_id": "AXMxTYI9vSpKwawRb20E",
                "_score": 2.7368987,
                "_source": {
                    "id": 2,
                    "title": "上海市学校信息列表"
                },
                "inner_hits": {
                    "university.college": {
                        "hits": {
                            "total": 1,
                            "max_score": 2.7368987,
                            "hits": [
                                {
                                    "_nested": {
                                        "field": "university",
                                        "offset": 0,
                                        "_nested": {
                                            "field": "college",
                                            "offset": 2
                                        }
                                    },
                                    "_score": 2.7368987,
                                    "_source": {
                                        "name": "计算机科学技术学院"
                                    }
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "demo",
                "_type": "test_data",
                "_id": "AXMxTENevSpKwawRb20D",
                "_score": 1.5730922,
                "_source": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "title": "北京市学校信息列表"
                },
                "inner_hits": {
                    "university.college": {
                        "hits": {
                            "total": 2,
                            "max_score": 1.5730922,
                            "hits": [
                                {
                                    "_nested": {
                                        "field": "university",
                                        "offset": 1,
                                        "_nested": {
                                            "field": "college",
                                            "offset": 2
                                        }
                                    },
                                    "_score": 1.5730922,
                                    "_source": {
                                        "name": "信息科学技术学院"
                                    }
                                },
                                {
                                    "_nested": {
                                        "field": "university",
                                        "offset": 0,
                                        "_nested": {
                                            "field": "college",
                                            "offset": 1
                                        }
                                    },
                                    "_score": 1.5730922,
                                    "_source": {
                                        "name": "信息科学技术学院"
                                    }
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
  1. 当然我们有可能命中学院的同时也要返回学校信息,我们在上面的基础上增加 “学院”(college) 排除
post demo/test_data/_search

{
  "_source": {
    "includes": [
      "*"
    ],
    "excludes": [
      "university"
    ]
  },
  "query": {
    "nested": {
      "path": "university",
      "query": {
        "nested": {
          "path": "university.college",
          "query": {
            "match": {
              "university.college.name": "技术"
            }
          },
          "inner_hits": {}
        }
      },
      "inner_hits": {
        "_source": {
          "excludes": [
            "university.college"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

结果如下:

{
    "took": 4,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 4,
        "successful": 4,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 2.7368987,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "demo",
                "_type": "test_data",
                "_id": "AXMxTYI9vSpKwawRb20E",
                "_score": 2.7368987,
                "_source": {
                    "id": 2,
                    "title": "上海市学校信息列表"
                },
                "inner_hits": {
                    "university": {
                        "hits": {
                            "total": 1,
                            "max_score": 2.7368987,
                            "hits": [
                                {
                                    "_nested": {
                                        "field": "university",
                                        "offset": 0
                                    },
                                    "_score": 2.7368987,
                                    "_source": {
                                        "university": {
                                            "address": "上海市杨浦区邯郸路220号",
                                            "foundingYear": "1905-06-29",
                                            "name": "复旦大学"
                                        }
                                    },
                                    "inner_hits": {
                                        "university.college": {
                                            "hits": {
                                                "total": 1,
                                                "max_score": 2.7368987,
                                                "hits": [
                                                    {
                                                        "_nested": {
                                                            "field": "university",
                                                            "offset": 0,
                                                            "_nested": {
                                                                "field": "college",
                                                                "offset": 2
                                                            }
                                                        },
                                                        "_score": 2.7368987,
                                                        "_source": {
                                                            "name": "计算机科学技术学院"
                                                        }
                                                    }
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "demo",
                "_type": "test_data",
                "_id": "AXMxTENevSpKwawRb20D",
                "_score": 1.5730922,
                "_source": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "title": "北京市学校信息列表"
                },
                "inner_hits": {
                    "university": {
                        "hits": {
                            "total": 2,
                            "max_score": 1.5730922,
                            "hits": [
                                {
                                    "_nested": {
                                        "field": "university",
                                        "offset": 1
                                    },
                                    "_score": 1.5730922,
                                    "_source": {
                                        "university": {
                                            "address": "北京市海淀区颐和园路5号",
                                            "foundingYear": "1898-06-01",
                                            "name": "北京大学"
                                        }
                                    },
                                    "inner_hits": {
                                        "university.college": {
                                            "hits": {
                                                "total": 1,
                                                "max_score": 1.5730922,
                                                "hits": [
                                                    {
                                                        "_nested": {
                                                            "field": "university",
                                                            "offset": 1,
                                                            "_nested": {
                                                                "field": "college",
                                                                "offset": 2
                                                            }
                                                        },
                                                        "_score": 1.5730922,
                                                        "_source": {
                                                            "name": "信息科学技术学院"
                                                        }
                                                    }
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                },
                                {
                                    "_nested": {
                                        "field": "university",
                                        "offset": 0
                                    },
                                    "_score": 1.5730922,
                                    "_source": {
                                        "university": {
                                            "address": "北京市海淀区双清路30号",
                                            "foundingYear": "1911-04-09",
                                            "name": "清华大学"
                                        }
                                    },
                                    "inner_hits": {
                                        "university.college": {
                                            "hits": {
                                                "total": 1,
                                                "max_score": 1.5730922,
                                                "hits": [
                                                    {
                                                        "_nested": {
                                                            "field": "university",
                                                            "offset": 0,
                                                            "_nested": {
                                                                "field": "college",
                                                                "offset": 1
                                                            }
                                                        },
                                                        "_score": 1.5730922,
                                                        "_source": {
                                                            "name": "信息科学技术学院"
                                                        }
                                                    }
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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