Docker学习笔记整理（一）
1、基本命令
1.1 Docker-镜像命令
查看所有镜像
#查看所有镜像
[root@node1 ~] docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d1165f221234 5 months ago 13.3kB
#其他可选项
Options:
-a, --all #查看所有镜像
-q, --quiet #仅显示镜像id
搜索镜像从远程仓库
#从dockerhub上搜索镜像
[root@node1 ~] docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11332 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4307 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 840 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 91
下载镜像
#下载镜像，默认下载最新版本，我这里下载的是mysql5.7
[root@node1 ~] docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
e1acddbe380c: Already exists
bed879327370: Already exists
03285f80bafd: Already exists
ccc17412a00a: Already exists
1f556ecc09d1: Already exists
adc5528e468d: Already exists
1afc286d5d53: Already exists
4d2d9261e3ad: Already exists
ac609d7b31f8: Already exists
53ee1339bc3a: Already exists
b0c0a831a707: Already exists
Digest: sha256:7cf2e7d7ff876f93c8601406a5aa17484e6623875e64e7acc71432ad8e0a3d7e
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
删除镜像
#删除docker镜像
#docker rmi -f （强制删除）
[root@node1 ~] docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 6c20ffa54f86 11 days ago 448MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 5 months ago 13.3kB
[root@node1 ~] docker rmi d1165f221234
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:7d91b69e04a9029b99f3585aaaccae2baa80bcf318f4a5d2165a9898cd2dc0a1
Deleted: sha256:d1165f2212346b2bab48cb01c1e39ee8ad1be46b87873d9ca7a4e434980a7726
Deleted: sha256:f22b99068db93900abe17f7f5e09ec775c2826ecfe9db961fea68293744144bd
[root@node1 ~] docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 6c20ffa54f86 11 days ago 448MB
提交镜像
命令： docker commit -a=作者名 -m=备注 容器id 镜像名字:tag
实例：
下载tomcat镜像并运行
[root@node1 ~]# docker run -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat:8.5
f4da03e7fffcdf4950c31e118074a47f632e62ea68e3673e6bb900abbd1dcb18
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f4da03e7fffc tomcat:8.5 "catalina.sh run" 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp eager_brattain
访问localhost:8080,发现404
原因是找不到路径，进入容器查看发现webapps的目录下是空的
[root@node1 ~]# docker exec -it f4da03e7fffc /bin/bash
root@f4da03e7fffc:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE README.md RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt bin conf lib logs native-jni-lib temp webapps webapps.dist work
root@f4da03e7fffc:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@f4da03e7fffc:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
root@f4da03e7fffc:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# #这个目录下面是空的
发现文件存放在webapps.dist目录下，那么只需要将文件拷贝到webapps目录下就可以了
root@f4da03e7fffc:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps
root@f4da03e7fffc:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@f4da03e7fffc:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
ROOT docs examples host-manager manager
再次刷新，tomcat访问成功。
但是，我们如果每次下载tomcat都要去修改这个东西就很麻烦，为什么自己不能把我现在运行的这个tomcat 打成一个镜像，以后每次启动我自己的镜像就好了呀，就不需要修改任何参数。
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
#当前可以正常访问的tomcat容器
f4da03e7fffc tomcat:8.5 "catalina.sh run" 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp eager_brattain
# docker commit -a=作者名 -m=备注 容器id 镜像名字:tag
[root@node1 ~]# docker commit -a='liu' -m='tomcatupdate' f4da03e7fffc mytomcat:1.0
sha256:f2a5b0c54783dfd52c6b6ca118292310679fef9c573eaa6c1f3f1ce2205638bb
[root@node1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mytomcat 1.0 f2a5b0c54783 8 seconds ago 538MB #自己commit上来的镜像
tomcat 8.5 dec1ddc22a20 13 days ago 533MB #dockerhub上面下载的镜像
启动自己的镜像
#对外映射端口为8070
[root@node1 ~]# docker run -d -p 8070:8080 --name mytomcat mytomcat:1.0
5e3f3dc7c00aa939da59c69e34aee335de0b585eef5ad7fe56396d8481d0292e
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5e3f3dc7c00a mytomcat:1.0 "catalina.sh run" 7 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 0.0.0.0:8070->8080/tcp, :::8070->8080/tcp mytomcat
f4da03e7fffc tomcat:8.5 "catalina.sh run" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp eager_brattain
访问8070端口，访问成功！
1.2 Docker-容器命令
新建容器并启动命令
docker run [可选参数] image
可选项
--name #指定容器名称
-d #后台运行
-p 主机端口:容器端口
-P #随机端口
-it #交互式方式运行
[root@node1 etc] docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -it 6c20ffa54f86 /bin/bash
root@f79e5c6f4d37:/
##推出容器，也可以使用ctrl+p+q,这样的退出会使容器进入后台运行
root@f79e5c6f4d37:/# exit
查看容器
#查看容器（默认是查看运行的容器）
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
913ce44b5b76 6c20ffa54f86 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 9 hours ago Up 9 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
可选项:
-a, --all 查看所有容器包括未运行的容器
-q, --quiet 查看容器的id(可以和-a结合使用)
删除容器
#删除容器：docker rm 容器ID (不能删除运行中的容器)
#强制删除：docker rm -f 容器ID
#删除所有容器: docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fbc84cdc58e8 6c20ffa54f86 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 11 seconds ago Exited (0) 7 seconds ago peaceful_elgamal
913ce44b5b76 6c20ffa54f86 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 9 hours ago Up 9 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
[root@node1 ~]# docker rm fbc84cdc58e8
fbc84cdc58e8
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
913ce44b5b76 6c20ffa54f86 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 9 hours ago Up 9 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
启动和停止容器
#启动容器：docker start 容器ID
#停止容器：docker stop 容器ID
#杀掉容器：docker kill 容器ID
其他常用命令
查看日志相关
#查看日志
#docker logs
# -t 查看日志附带时间戳
# -f 查看全部日志
# --tail 5 查看后面5行日志
[root@node1 ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 5 mysql
2021-08-29T01:08:17.830487428Z 2021-08-29T01:08:17.829933Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
2021-08-29T01:08:17.841743527Z 2021-08-29T01:08:17.830919Z 0 [Warning] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.
2021-08-29T01:08:17.841756760Z 2021-08-29T01:08:17.841379Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
2021-08-29T01:08:17.841759510Z 2021-08-29T01:08:17.841540Z 0 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.
2021-08-29T01:08:17.841761394Z Version: '5.7.35' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
查看容器内部的进程信息
#查看容器内部的进程信息 docker top 容器id
[root@node1 ~]# docker top 913ce44b5b76
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
polkitd 17664 17646 0 09:08 ? 00:00:00 mysqld
查看容器的所有信息
#查看容器的所有信息 docker inspect 容器ID
[root@node1 ~]# docker inspect 913ce44b5b76
[
{
"Id": "913ce44b5b7670023d89f05476effdfd84cb0e3644bf2bd9b749d13a18959a44",
"Created": "2021-08-28T15:34:15.87697844Z",
"Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
"Args": [
"mysqld"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 17664,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-08-29T01:08:17.344704586Z",
"FinishedAt": "2021-08-29T01:08:06.800391752Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:6c20ffa54f8674203e91e3225e489aa505fa04b8d482954a8b6d7414842c6de4",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/913ce44b5b7670023d89f05476effdfd84cb0e3644bf2bd9b749d13a18959a44/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/913ce44b5b7670023d89f05476effdfd84cb0e3644bf2bd9b749d13a18959a44/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/913ce44b5b7670023d89f05476effdfd84cb0e3644bf2bd9b749d13a18959a44/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/913ce44b5b7670023d89f05476effdfd84cb0e3644bf2bd9b749d13a18959a44/913ce44b5b7670023d89f05476effdfd84cb0e3644bf2bd9b749d13a18959a44-json.log",
"Name": "/mysql",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {
"3306/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "",
"HostPort": "3306"
}
]
},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f6a836e6cec45ef61f0baee098c4758de90f87a359317a11af8e744dcaa3260-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/528d42fb1ee563a88b29547da1145dcfff495e64bc5643b27551a8fe6fb6756d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/558947ebdf65d6790b0a5f9718e037886dc4127c85a97e92f681196ea808a106/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/81389b7661c62f67919386382d4d1973f9c734c0186a85b7c2922fdd60e76ff2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bfe5f85707737cdf5f93874b54d3fef3fbbb12d041e19e4b10cc00a6119cb857/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f67c98d9d93b94062051561e6e78a0ce80be772df734c48f4ec9e3eff054e9b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/21e33e808e4c9ae9d8d5ac8d3f71766505640a3d8c71ea7bab08e24ee6352c98/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2a131fa2db383f9bb245556322202fcd5bd707d393227965c48e297ed3de7725/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/74d2c8705d5e8e7dd111a69567b78b465a77399e4ab084ddf3aec624d63a341d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/61b75442918ace8d70ae2759bb74cf66b8cc3bfd95aab558255a2be186a578ca/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d5693e8c316cc6c0ca74f57e42e32830a47594056d3ae1bc3b5a50eec6b75df1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a6220ea2473c23a10e77ad8078654521b71e5d1d490f0f3045f9b631ad01a7f4/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f6a836e6cec45ef61f0baee098c4758de90f87a359317a11af8e744dcaa3260/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f6a836e6cec45ef61f0baee098c4758de90f87a359317a11af8e744dcaa3260/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f6a836e6cec45ef61f0baee098c4758de90f87a359317a11af8e744dcaa3260/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "ec4c3eb8387bab381363109d22fb4e9610b0b9b3dbb7b74f38f0ec4c2eb460a6",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/ec4c3eb8387bab381363109d22fb4e9610b0b9b3dbb7b74f38f0ec4c2eb460a6/_data",
"Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "913ce44b5b76",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"3306/tcp": {},
"33060/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root",
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
"MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7",
"MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.35-1debian10"
],
"Cmd": [
"mysqld"
],
"Image": "6c20ffa54f86",
"Volumes": {
"/var/lib/mysql": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "dfb4b5e1bd2de535381a9a0086d9e363f9ad82c18df80dba7fc3bf597b76f4fc",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"3306/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
"HostPort": "3306"
},
{
"HostIp": "::",
"HostPort": "3306"
}
],
"33060/tcp": null
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/dfb4b5e1bd2d",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "791dc5a2e5b9dc6bbc477bdb22ec6f3edca68253eff91a127823a8c17d8221f3",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "ef70fb31e63c59dec772d32ac8e478783f574e48ae08e19b0af7a2c22aad81d8",
"EndpointID": "791dc5a2e5b9dc6bbc477bdb22ec6f3edca68253eff91a127823a8c17d8221f3",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入容器命令
#进入容器命令
# docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash (创建一个新的容器进程并进入) 推荐！！！
# docker attach 容器ID (进入容器当前运行的进场中)
[root@node1 ~]# docker exec -it 913ce44b5b76 /bin/bash
root@913ce44b5b76:/#
2.容器数据卷
指定挂载
命令： -v 主机目录:容器目录
假设我们需要安装mysql数据库，但是如果我们使用如下命令启动。
docker run -d -p 主机端口:容器端口 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw mysql
ps: -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw 这个命令是设置mysql 的root密码
那么就会发现，我们只要把这个容器给删除了就相当于我们把数据也删除了，那就是删库跑路了，所以这个肯定是不允许的。
问题来了，我们如何去将这个数据持久化呢？
如果说，我们将mysql的数据存储文件同步到主机中来，那么即便是删除了容器数据还在，只要下次启动容器重新绑定目录就好了呀。
所以我们就有了如下配置命令
#将msyql的配置文件和数据文件挂载到主机上的/home/mysql目录下实现数据同步
[root@node1 home]# docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7
c611cb0705c3cc2a2e947ada705a674cf46f94ac47e32d7b67751e5e548261f8
[root@node1 home]# cd /home/mysql/data #这是主机的目录
[root@node1 data]# ll
总用量 188484
-rw-r-----. 1 polkitd input 56 9月 1 22:06 auto.cnf
-rw-------. 1 polkitd input 1680 9月 1 22:06 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 polkitd input 1112 9月 1 22:06 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 polkitd input 1112 9月 1 22:06 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 polkitd input 1676 9月 1 22:06 client-key.pem
-rw-r-----. 1 polkitd input 1359 9月 1 22:06 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 polkitd input 79691776 9月 1 22:06 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 polkitd input 50331648 9月 1 22:06 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 polkitd input 50331648 9月 1 22:06 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 polkitd input 12582912 9月 1 22:06 ibtmp1
drwxr-x---. 2 polkitd input 4096 9月 1 22:06 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 polkitd input 8192 9月 1 22:06 performance_schema
-rw-------. 1 polkitd input 1680 9月 1 22:06 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 polkitd input 452 9月 1 22:06 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 polkitd input 1112 9月 1 22:06 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 polkitd input 1680 9月 1 22:06 server-key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 polkitd input 8192 9月 1 22:06 sys
这是容器内部的目录，可以看出数据同步了。
[root@node1 data]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
root@c611cb0705c3:/# ls
bin boot dev docker-entrypoint-initdb.d entrypoint.sh etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
root@c611cb0705c3:/# cd var/lib/mysql
root@c611cb0705c3:/var/lib/mysql# ls
auto.cnf ca-key.pem ca.pem client-cert.pem client-key.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql performance_schema private_key.pem public_key.pem server-cert.pem server-key.pem sys
匿名挂载
命令如下
-v 容器目录
假设我们需要将nginx的配置文件挂载出来，并且使用匿名挂载 ，操作如下：
[root@node1 _data]# docker run -d -p 80:80 --name nginx -v /etc/nginx nginx
ad3770d042c43a7f0ef474dcef19244890c3f30f4ebe43c2e37b93abb91d2b07
[root@node1 _data]# docker volume ls #查看数据卷列表
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local 07204037f3a84e3944a204014c26b1fd99dd3df0ef4678ae1cae0fe59808b2f0 #系统生成的数据卷名字
[root@node1 _data]# docker volume inspect #查看数据卷详情
07204037f3a84e3944a204014c26b1fd99dd3df0ef4678ae1cae0fe59808b2f0
[
{
"CreatedAt": "2021-09-01T22:25:45+08:00",
"Driver": "local",
"Labels": null,
#主机挂载目录
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/07204037f3a84e3944a204014c26b1fd99dd3df0ef4678ae1cae0fe59808b2f0/_data",
"Name": "07204037f3a84e3944a204014c26b1fd99dd3df0ef4678ae1cae0fe59808b2f0",
"Options": null,
"Scope": "local"
}
]
#进入挂载目录查看
[root@node1 _data]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/07204037f3a84e3944a204014c26b1fd99dd3df0ef4678ae1cae0fe59808b2f0/_data
[root@node1 _data]# ls
#挂载成功
conf.d fastcgi_params mime.types modules nginx.conf scgi_params uwsgi_params
具名挂载
命令如下：
-v 数据卷名称:容器内路径
假设我们需要将nginx的配置文件挂载出来，并且使用具名挂载 ，操作如下：
[root@node1 data]# docker run -d -p 80:80 --name nginx -v nginx:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf nginx
docker: Error response from daemon: source /var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee2b86b68f0f6e36c07559b66e4b9dec31f52ab464b9d8116256c392cce82310/merged/etc/nginx/nginx.conf is not directory.
See 'docker run --help'.
[root@node1 data]# docker run -d -p 80:80 --name nginx -v nginx:/etc/nginx nginx
7be8d02510974db96e541dcd17076f6b980eb86180f30f05df00d46a5240ff2c
[root@node1 data]# docker volume ls #查看挂载数据卷
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local nginx #自定义的数据卷名称
[root@node1 data]# docker volume inspect nginx #查看挂载数据卷详情
[
{
"CreatedAt": "2021-09-01T22:20:52+08:00",
"Driver": "local",
"Labels": null,
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx/_data", #主机存放路径
"Name": "nginx",
"Options": null,
"Scope": "local"
}
]
[root@node1 data]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx/_data
[root@node1 _data]# ls
conf.d fastcgi_params mime.types modules nginx.conf scgi_params uwsgi_params
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