从 JVM 分析 hibernate-validator NoClassDefFoundError

最近排查一个spring boot应用抛出hibernate.validator NoClassDefFoundError的问题，异常信息如下：

Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ConfigurationImpl
    at org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator.createGenericConfiguration(HibernateValidator.java:33) ~[hibernate-validator-5.3.5.Final.jar:5.3.5.Final]
    at javax.validation.Validation$GenericBootstrapImpl.configure(Validation.java:276) ~[validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar:na]
    at org.springframework.boot.validation.MessageInterpolatorFactory.getObject(MessageInterpolatorFactory.java:53) ~[spring-boot-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.DefaultValidatorConfiguration.defaultValidator(DefaultValidatorConfiguration.java:43) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.3.RELEASE.jar:1.5.3.RELEASE]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_112]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_112]
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_112]
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_112]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:162) ~[spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar:4.3.8.RELEASE]
    ... 32 common frames omitted

这个错误信息表面上是 NoClassDefFoundError ，但是实际上 ConfigurationImpl这个类是在 hibernate-validator-5.3.5.Final.jar 里的，不应该出现找不到类的情况。

那为什么应用里抛出这个 NoClassDefFoundError ？

有经验的开发人员从 Could not initialize class 这个信息就可以知道，实际上是一个类在初始化时抛出的异常，比如static的静态代码块，或者static字段初始化的异常。

谁初始化了 org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ConfigurationImpl

但是当我们在 HibernateValidator 这个类，创建 ConfigurationImpl 的代码块里打断点时，发现有两个线程触发了断点：

public class HibernateValidator implements ValidationProvider<HibernateValidatorConfiguration> {
    @Override
    public Configuration<?> createGenericConfiguration(BootstrapState state) {
        return new ConfigurationImpl( state );
    }

其中一个线程的调用栈是：

Thread [background-preinit] (Class load: ConfigurationImpl)
    HibernateValidator.createGenericConfiguration(BootstrapState) line: 33
    Validation$GenericBootstrapImpl.configure() line: 276
    BackgroundPreinitializer$ValidationInitializer.run() line: 107
    BackgroundPreinitializer$1.runSafely(Runnable) line: 59
    BackgroundPreini