小白学习Winform 遇到的问题总结

## 小白学习Winform 遇到的问题总结*

需求：

公司需要做一个血压体重一体机，功能就是可以配置血压器、体重器、读卡器等参数，实现刷卡自动测量体重血压等数据，这对于一个没有接触过winform的小白而言还是很有难度的

设计思路：

1、创建两个窗体，A和B，A窗体负责配置仪器信息，B窗体负责测量数据进行展示
2、创建了四个类 ：
（1）ReadCardInfo(负责读取患者信息，页面展示)；
（2）WeightMachine(连接体重仪，读取串口数据)；
（3）BloodPressure（连接血压器，读取高低压、心率数据）
（4）ScanerCode（扫码盒子，患者可以通过二维码直接进行扫码测量）
3、创建两个线程ReadThread、MeasureThread 分别进行读卡和测量操作

遇到的问题总结以及解决方法：

1、最大化窗口并且去除边框

//设置窗体位于左上角
this.StartPosition = 0;
//去除窗体边框
this.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.None;
//窗体最大化
this.WindowState = System.Windows.Forms.FormWindowState.Maximized;  

2、取消跨线程检查，否则在给控件赋值的时候会报错

//取消跨线程检查
Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;

3、窗体加载和label控件赋值的时候会闪烁，可能是由于窗体添加背景图片引起的

//减少闪烁
SetStyle(ControlStyles.UserPaint, true);
SetStyle(ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint, true); // 禁止擦除背景.
SetStyle(ControlStyles.OptimizedDoubleBuffer, true);//双通道渲染
this.UpdateStyles();

总结分享：

第一次做winform项目，比较差劲，但是还是有很多收获的；接下来分享代码给大家，希望大家能够对大家有帮助
（1）读卡类ReadCardInfo

#region  描述
/
///作者：XXXX
///时间：XXX
///描述：读卡操作
/
#endregion
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace AppWithoutBlutdruckAndWeight
{
    public class ReadCardInfo
    {
        //读卡器类型,1是明华,2德卡D3  默认是德卡
        public string ReadCardType = "2";
        //寻卡
        [DllImport("lib\\dcrf32.dll", EntryPoint = "dc_card")]
        public static extern Int16 dc_card(Int16 icdev, int mode, ref long Snr);
        //打开设备
        [DllImport("lib\\dcrf32.dll", EntryPoint = "dc_init")]
        public static extern Int16 dc_init(int port, int baud);
        //读取数据     从卡中读数据
        [DllImport("lib\\dcrf32.dll")]
        public static extern Int16 dc_read(Int16 icdev, int adr, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] byte[] sdata);
        //断开设备
        [DllImport("lib\\mwrf32.dll", EntryPoint = "rf_exit")]
        public static extern Int16 rf_exit(Int16 icdev);
        //读取数据     
        [DllImport("lib\\mwrf32.dll")]
        public static extern Int16 rf_read(Int16 icdev, int adr, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] byte[] sdata);

        [DllImport("lib\\dcrf32.dll", EntryPoint = "dc_load_key_hex")]
        public static extern Int16 dc_load_key_hex(Int16 icdev, int mode, int secnr, string keybuff);

        //验证某一扇区密码     
        [DllImport("lib\\dcrf32.dll")]
        public static extern Int16 dc_authentication(Int16 icdev, int _Mode, int _SecNr);
        //中止对该卡操作
        [DllImport("lib\\dcrf32.dll", EntryPoint = "dc_halt")]
        public static extern Int16 dc_halt(Int16 icdev);
        //断开设备
        [DllImport("lib\\dcrf32.dll", EntryPoint = "dc_exit")]
        public static extern Int16 dc_exit(Int16 icdev);
        //连接设备
        [DllImport("lib\\mwrf32.dll", EntryPoint = "rf_init")]
        public static extern Int16 rf_init(int port, int baud);
        //寻卡
        [DllImport("lib\\mwrf32.dll", EntryPoint = "rf_card")]
        public static extern Int16 rf_card(Int16 icdev, int mode, ref long Snr);
        //中止对该卡操作
        [DllImport("lib\\mwrf32.dll", EntryPoint = "rf_halt")]
        public static extern Int16 rf_halt(Int16 icdev);
        //蜂鸣器
        [DllImport("lib\\dcrf32.dll", EntryPoint = "dc_beep")]
        public static extern Int16 dc_beep(Int16 icdev, int version);
        //蜂鸣器
        [DllImport("lib\\mwrf32.dll", EntryPoint = "rf_beep")]
        public static extern Int16 rf_beep(Int16 icdev, int version);

        public string readCard()
        {
            string cardNo = "";
            //寻卡     成功/失败
            Int16 icdev = OpenCard();
            if (icdev < 0) return string.Empty;
            //验证     
            bool success = VerifyPassword(icdev, 1, 0);
            if (!success) return string.Empty;
            //读卡
            cardNo = ReadCard(icdev, 1, 0).Replace("\0", "").Trim();
            return cardNo;
        }

        public Int16 OpenCard()
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(ReadCardType) && ReadCardType == "2")
            {
                Int16 icdev = dc_init(100, 9600);
                if (icdev < 0)
                {
                    return icdev;
                }
                long cardNo = 0;
                int result = dc_card((Int16)icdev, 1, ref cardNo);
                if (result == 0)
                {
                    return icdev;
                }
                else
                {
                    // 寻卡失败
                    dc_halt((Int16)icdev);
                    dc_exit(icdev); //关闭设备
                    return -1;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // 打开设备
                Int16 icdev = rf_init(0, 9600);
                if (icdev < 0)
                {
                    return icdev;
                }
                // 寻卡
                long icCardNo = 0;
                int result = rf_card((Int16)icdev, 1, ref icCardNo);
                if (result == 0)
                {
                    // 寻卡成功 卡号为icCardNo
                    return icdev;
                }
                else
                {
                    // 寻卡失败
                    rf_halt((Int16)icdev);
                    rf_exit(icdev); //关闭设备
                    return -1;
                }
            }
            
        }

        private bool VerifyPassword(Int16 icdev, int sector, int block)
        {
            int ints = dc_load_key_hex(icdev, 0, sector, "FFFFFFFFFFFF");
            if (ints != 0) return false;
            // 验证密码
            int result = dc_authentication(icdev, 0, sector);
            if (result != 0)
            {
                dc_halt((Int16)icdev);
                dc_exit(icdev);  //关闭设备
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }

        private string ReadCard(Int16 icdev, int sector, int block)
        {      
            int address = sector * 4 + block;
            byte[] temp1 = new byte[64 * 8];
            //德卡
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(ReadCardType) && ReadCardType == "2")
            {
                int result = dc_read(icdev, address, temp1);
                if (result == 0)
                {
                    dc_beep(icdev, 5);//提示音
                    return Encoding.Default.GetString(temp1);
                }
                else
                {
                    dc_beep(icdev, 20);//提示音
                    return "";
                }
            }
            else//明华
            {
                int result = rf_read(icdev, address, temp1);
                if (result == 0)
                {
                    rf_beep(icdev, 5);//提示音
                    return Encoding.Default.GetString(temp1);
                }
                else
                {
                    rf_beep(icdev, 20);//提示音
                    return "";
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

（2）体重测量 WeightMachine

#region  描述
/
///作者：XXXX
///时间：XXXX
///描述：连接串口读取体重数据
/
#endregion

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace AppWithoutBlutdruckAndWeight
{
    public class WeightMachine
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 串口对象
        /// </summary>
        private SerialPort serialPort = new SerialPort();
        /// <summary>
        /// 体重数据
        /// </summary>
        private string result = "0";
        /// <summary>
        /// 体重器类型
        /// </summary>
        public string WeightType = string.Empty;
        /// <summary>
        /// 计时器，一分钟未读出数据，停止读取
        /// </summary>
        public int CountTime = 0;


        public string ReadMessage(string baudrate,string Name)
        {
            try
            {
                WeightType = Name;
                if (!serialPort.IsOpen)
                {
                    string[] portName = SerialPort.GetPortNames();
                    serialPort.PortName = portName[0]; //端口名称
                    serialPort.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(baudrate);   // 波特率4800
                    serialPort.DataBits = 8;      // 每个字节的标准数据位长度。
                    serialPort.StopBits = StopBits.One; //停止一位
                    serialPort.Parity = Parity.None;    //偶校验
                    //serialPort.ReadTimeout = 500; //接收延时ms
                    //serialPort.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(DataReceivedHandler);
                    serialPort.Open();
                }
                if (serialPort.IsOpen)
                {
                    CountTime = 0;
                    while (true)
                    {
                        Thread.Sleep(1000);
                        CountTime++;
                        byte[] readData = new byte[2048];     //获取接收缓冲区中数据的字节数。
                        serialPort.Read(readData, 0, readData.Length);//从SerialPort 输入缓冲区中读取。
                        string temp = Encoding.Default.GetString(readData);
                        result = ParsingDataByType(temp.Trim());
                        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(result) && result != "0")
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                        if (CountTime > 120)
                        {
                            result = "-1";
                            break;
                        }
                        serialPort.DiscardInBuffer();
                        serialPort.DiscardOutBuffer();
                    }
                    serialPort.Close();
                }
                return result;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                //MessageBox.Show("“" + ex.Message + "”设置硬件功能不可用！", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
                return "";
            }
        }
       
        public void CloseWeight() => serialPort.Close();


        #region 解析体重数据
        /// <summary>
        /// 解析数据
        /// </summary>
        private string ParsingDataByType(string data)
        {
            string weightresult = "";
            switch (WeightType)
            {
                case "上海志荣轮椅体重秤":
                    string[] weight = data.Trim('=').Split('=');
                    if (weight.Length > 3 && (weight[0].Trim() == weight[1].Trim() && weight[1].Trim() == weight[2].Trim()))
                    {
                        char[] c = weight[0].Trim().ToCharArray();
                        Array.Reverse(c);
                        weightresult = Convert.ToInt32(new string(c)).ToString();
                    }
                    break;
                case "电子多功能秤seca685":
                    break;
            }
            return weightresult;
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

3、读取血压 BloodPressure

#region  描述
/
///作者：XXXX
///时间：XXXX
///描述：连接串口读取血压、心率
/
#endregion
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Timers;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace AppWithoutBlutdruckAndWeight
{
    public class BloodPressure
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 血压器类型
        /// </summary>
        public string BloodPreType = string.Empty;
        SerialPort comm = new SerialPort();

        public BloodPressure()
        {

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 读取数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string ReadMessage(string baudrate,string Name)
        {
            BloodPreType = Name;
            try
            {
                string result = string.Empty;
                string[] portName = SerialPort.GetPortNames();
                comm.PortName = portName[0]; //端口名称
                comm.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(baudrate);
                comm.Parity = System.IO.Ports.Parity.None;
                comm.DataBits = 8;
                comm.StopBits = System.IO.Ports.StopBits.One;                
                comm.Handshake = System.IO.Ports.Handshake.None;
                comm.ReadTimeout = 90000;
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
                //接收缓冲区大小
                comm.Open();
                //读取并解析数据
                return ParsingDataByType();               
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return "-1";
            }
            finally
            {
                comm.Close();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 关闭串口
        /// </summary>
        public void CloseBlood() => comm.Close();

        #region 解析血压、心率数据
        /// <summary>
        /// 解析数据
        /// </summary>
        private string ParsingDataByType()
        {
            string bloodResult = "";
            string result = "";
            switch (BloodPreType)
            {
                case "健太郎血压仪9020(RVIII)":
                    
                    break;
                case "RBP-9000c和RBP-9001台式血压计":
                    int count = 0;
                    string subStr = "";
                    while (true)
                    {
                        byte[] buf = new byte[1];
                        comm.Read(buf, 0, 1);
                        string str = Convert.ToString(buf[0], 10);
                        result += str;
                        //前24位信息组成 前导码、设备版本、数据长度、类型标识、类型子码、用户标识、测量时间
                        if (result.Length > 24)
                        {                           
                            subStr += str;
                            if (subStr.Length >= 3)
                            {
                                subStr = subStr.TrimStart('0');
                                bloodResult += subStr + "|";
                                count++;
                                subStr = "";
                            }
                            if (count >= 3) break;                          
                        }                       
                    }
                    bloodResult = bloodResult.Trim('|');
                    break;
            }
            return bloodResult;
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

（4）扫码盒子的代码我就不贴了，网上自行搜索，或者留言给我