1.新建项目
①创建项目,构建系统选择maven
②pom.xml里面,<dependencies>里面加上以下内容(针对MySQL5)
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.49</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.建立数据库连接
①先新建类,匹配上要操作的表
package org.example.数据库连接使用;
//构造一个学生类,来接收数据库的数据
/**
表结构
CREATE TABLE student(
id BIGINT,
`name` VARCHAR(100),
sn BIGINT,
email VARCHAR(100),
classId BIGINT
)
表内容
INSERT INTO student VALUES
(1,'吴一',20408030101,'wuyi@qq.com',1),
(2,'王二',20408030102,'wanger@qq.com',1),
(3,'杨三',20408030103,'yangsan@qq.com',1),
(4,'李四',20408030104,'lisi@qq.com',1),
(5,'赵五',20408030201,'zhaowu@qq.com',2),
(6,'孙六',20408030202,'sunliu@qq.com',2)
*/
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private long sn;
private String email;
private int classId;
@Override
public String toString(){
return "[" + id + ',' + name + ',' + sn + ',' + email + ',' + classId + "]\n";
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public long getSn() {
return sn;
}
public void setSn(long sn) {
this.sn = sn;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public int getClassId() {
return classId;
}
public void setClassId(int classId) {
this.classId = classId;
}
}
②连接数据库,并查询数据
package org.example.数据库连接使用;
import com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Demo01_Connection {
//先定义数据源对象
private static DataSource dataSource = null;
// 数据库的用户名
private static final String USER = "root";
// 数据库的密码
private static final String PASSWORD = "123456";
// 数据库连接字符串(针对MySQL5)
private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/java78?characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false";
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 1. 初化始数据源
MysqlDataSource myDataSource = new MysqlDataSource();
// 2. 设置连接的参数
myDataSource.setURL(URL);
myDataSource.setUser(USER);
myDataSource.setPassword(PASSWORD);
// 3. 把构建好的Mysql数据源赋值给JDBC中的datasource
dataSource = myDataSource;
//下面三个声明在try{}之外,方便finally也能识别
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement statement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
try{
//通过数据源获取一个数据库连接
connection = dataSource.getConnection();
//接收用户输入的值
System.out.print("请输入姓名:");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String sn = scanner.next();
//定义SQL语句
String sql = "select * from student where name = ?";
// 获取一个预处理对象
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
// 处理占位符的值,要匹配上类型,参数1代表第几个占位符,后者表示要被替换的内容
statement.setString(1, sn);
// 4. 执行SQL
resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
if (resultSet.next()) { //如果读取到了内容
// 创建表示结果的JAVA对象
Student student = new Student();
student.setId(resultSet.getInt(1));
student.setName(resultSet.getString(2));
student.setSn(resultSet.getLong(3));
student.setEmail(resultSet.getString(4));
student.setClassId(resultSet.getInt(5));
System.out.println(student);
}
}catch (SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
// 依次关闭资源,从后往前关
if (resultSet != null) {
try {
resultSet.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (statement != null) {
try {
statement.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (connection != null) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
3.数据库连接封装成工具类
package org.example.数据库连接使用;
import com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.*;
public class DBUtil {
// 先定义一个数据源对象
private static DataSource dataSource = null;
// 数据库的用户名
private static final String USER = "root";
// 数据库的密码
private static final String PASSWORD = "123456";
// 数据库连接字符串
private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/java78?characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false";
static {
// 初始化数据源,类加载时运行
MysqlDataSource mysqlDataSource = new MysqlDataSource();
mysqlDataSource.setURL(URL);
mysqlDataSource.setUser(USER);
mysqlDataSource.setPassword(PASSWORD);
dataSource = mysqlDataSource;
}
// 用private 修饰构造方法,使外部不能new 这个类的对象
private DBUtil() {}
//获取数据库连接
public static Connection getConnection () throws SQLException {
return dataSource.getConnection();
}
//关闭对象并释放资源
public static void close (ResultSet resultSet, PreparedStatement statement, Connection connection) {
// 依次关闭对象,并释放资源
if (resultSet != null) {
try {
resultSet.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (statement != null) {
try {
statement.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (connection != null) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
4.接收多个查询结果
package org.example.数据库连接使用;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Demo02_SelectAll {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 查询到的所有学生信息
List<Student> students = null;
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement statement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
try {
// 1. 创建数据源并获取数据库连接
connection = DBUtil.getConnection();
// 2. 构造SQL语句
String sql = "select id, name, sn, email, classId from student order by id ASC";
// 使用SQL预处理对象处理SQL
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
// 3. 执行SQL并获取结果,如果是结果集把结果集转成java对象
resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
// 遍历结果集,处理查询到数据
while (resultSet.next()) {
// 如果List为空则创建
if (students == null) {
students = new ArrayList<>();
}
// 解析结果集并封装成Student对象
Student student = new Student();
student.setId(resultSet.getInt(1));
student.setName(resultSet.getString(2));
student.setSn(resultSet.getLong(3));
student.setEmail(resultSet.getString(4));
student.setClassId(resultSet.getInt(5));
// 加入到集合中
students.add(student);
}
// 打印结果
System.out.println(students);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 4. 释放资源
DBUtil.close(resultSet, statement, connection);
}
}
}
5.按姓名删除(可以改)
package org.example.数据库连接使用;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Demo03_Delete {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement statement = null;
try {
// 1. 获取数据库连接
connection = DBUtil.getConnection();
// 2. 构建SQL
String sql = "delete from student where name = ?";
// 接收用户的输入
System.out.print("请输入要删除的同学姓名:");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String name = scanner.next();
// 3. 对SQL进行处理,并替换占位符
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
statement.setString(1, name);
// 4. 执行SQL并获取结果
int row = statement.executeUpdate();
if (row <= 0) {
System.out.println("删除失败.");
} else {
System.out.println("删除成功");
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放资源
DBUtil.close(null, statement, connection);
}
}
}
6.插入
package org.example.数据库连接使用;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Demo04_Insert {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement statement = null;
try {
// 1. 获取数据库连接
connection = DBUtil.getConnection();
// 2. 构建SQL
String sql = "insert into student values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
// 接收用户的输入
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("请输入要添加的同学Id:");
int id = scanner.nextInt();
// 姓名
System.out.print("请输入学生的姓名:");
String name = scanner.next();
// 学号
System.out.print("请输入学生的学号->");
long sn = scanner.nextLong();
// 邮箱
System.out.print("请输入学生的邮箱->");
String email = scanner.next();
// 班级编号
System.out.print("请输入学生的班级编号->");
int classId = scanner.nextInt();
// 3. 对SQL进行处理,并替换占位符
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
statement.setInt(1, id);
statement.setString(2, name);
statement.setLong(3, sn);
statement.setString(4, email);
statement.setInt(5, classId);
// 4. 执行SQL并获取结果
int row = statement.executeUpdate();
if (row <= 0) {
System.out.println("添加失败.");
} else {
System.out.println("添加成功");
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放资源
DBUtil.close(null, statement, connection);
}
}
}