Hashtable分析

1.源码分析

首先我们来看构造函数：

public Hashtable(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Load: "+loadFactor);

        if (initialCapacity==0)
            initialCapacity = 1;
        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
        table = new HashtableEntry[initialCapacity];
        threshold = (initialCapacity <= MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1) ? initialCapacity : MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1;
    }

public Hashtable() {
        this(11, 0.75f);
    }

乍一看跟HashMap差不多，其实仔细一看，构造方法就有点不同，首先HashTable的初始容量默认为11，但如果初始容量设为0 则会变成1
接着我们来看put方法：

 public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {
        // Make sure the value is not null
        if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }

        // Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
        HashtableEntry tab[] = table;
        //key.hashCode
        int hash = hash(key);
        //2^31= 0x7FFFFFFF
        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
        for (HashtableEntry<K,V> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
            if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
                V old = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                return old;
            }
        }

        modCount++;
        if (count >= threshold) {
            // Rehash the table if the threshold is exceeded
            rehash();

            tab = table;
            hash = hash(key);
            index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
        }

        // Creates the new entry.
        HashtableEntry<K,V> e = tab[index];
        tab[index] = new HashtableEntry<>(hash, key, value, e);
        count++;
        return null;
    }

首先put方法有synchronized关键字，其次，value不能为空，接着 (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF)，因为hash是要作为数组的index的，这样可以避免出现下标为负数而出现异常，很明显，index就是hash取table的长度的摸
当count>=threshold时，一开始的时候threshold时其实就是初始容量，接着执行rehash

 protected void rehash() {
        int oldCapacity = table.length;
        HashtableEntry<K,V>[] oldMap = table;

        // overflow-conscious code
        int newCapacity = (oldCapacity << 1) + 1;
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) {
            if (oldCapacity == MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
                // Keep running with MAX_ARRAY_SIZE buckets
                return;
            newCapacity = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
        }
        HashtableEntry<K,V>[] newMap = new HashtableEntry[newCapacity];

        modCount++;
        threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);

        table = newMap;

        for (int i = oldCapacity ; i-- > 0 ;) {
            for (HashtableEntry<K,V> old = oldMap[i] ; old != null ; ) {
                HashtableEntry<K,V> e = old;
                old = old.next;

                int index = (e.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % newCapacity;
                e.next = newMap[index];
                newMap[index] = e;
            }
        }
    }

概括的说这一步可以称为扩容，容量扩大一倍+1，然后重新的排列里面的元素，HashtableEntry：

 protected HashtableEntry(int hash, K key, V value, HashtableEntry<K,V> next) {
            this.hash = hash;
            this.key =  key;
            this.value = value;
            this.next = next;
        }

通过HashtableEntry构造函数，我们也可以知道Hashtableput元素也是采用的时插头法
接下来来看看get方法：

 public synchronized V get(Object key) {
        HashtableEntry tab[] = table;
        int hash = hash(key);
        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
        for (HashtableEntry<K,V> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
            if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
                return e.value;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

。。。通过上面分析的put方法，get看上去就容易懂了

2.遍历：