JPA学习——4.JPQL

1.createQuery

使用的类似hql语句的JPQL语句进行查询

基本使用

@Test
    public void test(){
        EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
        entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
        String sql = "from Customer where id = ?0 ";
        Query query = entityManager.createQuery(sql);
        query.setParameter(0 ,1);
        Customer customer = (Customer) query.getSingleResult();
        System.out.println(customer);
        entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
        entityManager.close();
        entityManagerFactory.close();
    }

2.查询部分值填充到类中

Test
    public void test1(){
        EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
        entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
        //可在查询语句中放入类的构造函数
        String sql = "select new Customer (c.id, c.name) from Customer c where id > ?1 ";
        Query query = entityManager.createQuery(sql);
        query.setParameter(1 ,1);
        List<Customer> customers =  query.getResultList();
        for(Customer customer:customers){
            System.out.println(customer);
        }
        entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
        entityManager.close();
        entityManagerFactory.close();
    }

默认情况下，若只查询部分属性，则将返回Object[]类型的结果 

2.createNamedQuery

query语句写在类的@NamedQuery注解内（提前写好，不需要在运行时编写，可以重复调用更方便）

@NamedQuery(name = "namedQuery",query = "from Customer where id > ?1")
@Entity
@Table(name="CUSTOMER")
public class Customer {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String tele;
    private Set<Order> orders;

    public Customer() {
    }

    public Customer(Integer id,String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Id
    @Column(name = "id")
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Column(name="tele",length = 13)
    public String getTele() {
        return tele;
    }

    public void setTele(String tele) {
        this.tele = tele;
    }

/*    @JoinColumn(name = "cus_id")*/
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "customer")
    public Set<Order> getOrders() {
        return orders;
    }

    public void setOrders(Set<Order> orders) {
        this.orders = orders;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", tele='" + tele + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

测试方法

@Test
    public void test2(){
        EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
        entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
        Query query = entityManager.createNamedQuery("namedQuery");
        query.setParameter(1 ,1);
        List<Customer> customers =  query.getResultList();
        for(Customer customer:customers){
            System.out.println(customer);
        }
        entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
        entityManager.close();
        entityManagerFactory.close();
    }

3.createNativeQuery

使用sql语句查询数据

@Test
    public void test3(){
        EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
        entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
        String sql = "select name from customer where id = ?1";
        Query query = entityManager.createNativeQuery(sql);
        query.setParameter(1 ,1);
        Object object = query.getSingleResult();
        System.out.println(object);
        entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
        entityManager.close();
        entityManagerFactory.close();
    }