python：numpy数组变形

更改形状

numpy.ndarray.shape

表示数组的维度，返回一个元组，这个元组的长度就是维度的数目，即 ndim 属性(秩)。

numpy.ndarray.flat

将数组转换为一维的迭代器，可以用for访问数组每一个元素。

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
              [16, 17, 18, 19, 20],
              [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
              [26, 27, 28, 29, 30],
              [31, 32, 33, 34, 35]])
y = x.flat
print(y)
# <numpy.flatiter object at 0x0000020F9BA10C60>
for i in y:
    print(i, end=' ')
# 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

y[3] = 0
print(end='\n')
print(x)
# [[11 12 13  0 15]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]
#  [21 22 23 24 25]
#  [26 27 28 29 30]
#  [31 32 33 34 35]]

numpy.ndarray.flatten([order=‘C’])

将数组的副本转换为一维数组，并返回。
order：‘C’ – 按行，‘F’ – 按列，‘A’ – 原顺序，‘k’ – 元素在内存中的出现顺序。(简记)

y = x.flatten()
print(y)
# [11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
#  35]
y = x.flatten(order='F')
print(y)
# [11 16 21 26 31 12 17 22 27 32 13 18 23 28 33 14 19 24 29 34 15 20 25 30
#  35]

numpy.reshape(a, newshape[, order=‘C’])

在不更改数据的情况下为数组赋予新的形状。
reshape()函数当参数newshape = [rows,-1]时，将根据行数自动确定列数。
reshape()函数当参数newshape = -1时，表示将数组降为一维。

更改维度

当创建一个数组之后，还可以给它增加一个维度，这在矩阵计算中经常会用到。

numpy.newaxis = None

None的别名，对索引数组很有用。

numpy.squeeze(a, axis=None)

从数组的形状中删除单维度条目，即把shape中为1的维度去掉。
a表示输入的数组；
axis用于指定需要删除的维度，但是指定的维度必须为单维度，否则将会报错；

x = np.arange(10)
print(x.shape)  # (10,)
x = x[np.newaxis, :]
print(x.shape)  # (1, 10)
y = np.squeeze(x)
print(y.shape)  # (10,)

数组组合

numpy.concatenate((a1, a2, …), axis=0, out=None)

x = np.array([1, 2, 3]).reshape(1, 3)
y = np.array([7, 8, 9]).reshape(1, 3)
z = np.concatenate([x, y])
print(z)
# [[ 1  2  3]
#  [ 7  8  9]]
z = np.concatenate([x, y], axis=0)
print(z)
# [[ 1  2  3]
#  [ 7  8  9]]
z = np.concatenate([x, y], axis=1)
print(z)
# [[ 1  2  3  7  8  9]]

沿着新的轴加入一系列数组（stack为增加维度的拼接）。

x = np.array([1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([7, 8, 9])
z = np.stack([x, y])
print(z.shape)  # (2, 3)
print(z)
# [[1 2 3]
#  [7 8 9]]

numpy.vstack(tup)

Stack arrays in sequence vertically (row wise).

numpy.hstack(tup)

Stack arrays in sequence horizontally (column wise).

数组拆分

numpy.split(ary, indices_or_sections, axis=0)

Split an array into multiple sub-arrays as views into ary.

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14],
              [16, 17, 18, 19],
              [21, 22, 23, 24]])
y = np.split(x, [1, 3])
print(y)
# [array([[11, 12, 13, 14]]), array([[16, 17, 18, 19],
#        [21, 22, 23, 24]]), array([], shape=(0, 4), dtype=int32)]

y = np.split(x, [1, 3], axis=1)
print(y)
# [array([[11],
#        [16],
#        [21]]), array([[12, 13],
#        [17, 18],
#        [22, 23]]), array([[14],
#        [19],
#        [24]])]

numpy.vsplit(ary, indices_or_sections)

Split an array into multiple sub-arrays vertically (row-wise).

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14],
              [16, 17, 18, 19],
              [21, 22, 23, 24]])
y = np.vsplit(x, 3)
print(y)
# [array([[11, 12, 13, 14]]), array([[16, 17, 18, 19]]), array([[21, 22, 23, 24]])]

numpy.hsplit(ary, indices_or_sections)

Split an array into multiple sub-arrays horizontally (column-wise).

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14],
              [16, 17, 18, 19],
              [21, 22, 23, 24]])
y = np.hsplit(x, 2)
print(y)
# [array([[11, 12],
#        [16, 17],
#        [21, 22]]), array([[13, 14],
#        [18, 19],
#        [23, 24]])]

数组平铺

numpy.tile(A, reps)

Construct an array by repeating A the number of times given by reps.

x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
print(x)
# [[1 2]
#  [3 4]]

y = np.tile(x, (1, 3))
print(y)
# [[1 2 1 2 1 2]
#  [3 4 3 4 3 4]]

y = np.tile(x, (3, 1))
print(y)
# [[1 2]
#  [3 4]
#  [1 2]
#  [3 4]
#  [1 2]
#  [3 4]]

y = np.tile(x, (3, 3))
print(y)
# [[1 2 1 2 1 2]
#  [3 4 3 4 3 4]
#  [1 2 1 2 1 2]
#  [3 4 3 4 3 4]
#  [1 2 1 2 1 2]
#  [3 4 3 4 3 4]]

numpy.repeat(a, repeats, axis=None)

Repeat elements of an array.
axis=0，沿着y轴复制，实际上增加了行数。
axis=1，沿着x轴复制，实际上增加了列数。
repeats，可以为一个数，也可以为一个矩阵。
axis=None时就会flatten当前矩阵，实际上就是变成了一个行向量。

x = np.repeat(3, 4)
print(x)  # [3 3 3 3]

x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
y = np.repeat(x, 2)
print(y)
# [1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4]

y = np.repeat(x, 2, axis=0)
print(y)
# [[1 2]
#  [1 2]
#  [3 4]
#  [3 4]]

y = np.repeat(x, 2, axis=1)
print(y)
# [[1 1 2 2]
#  [3 3 4 4]]

y = np.repeat(x, [2, 3], axis=0)
print(y)
# [[1 2]
#  [1 2]
#  [3 4]
#  [3 4]
#  [3 4]]

y = np.repeat(x, [2, 3], axis=1)
print(y)
# [[1 1 2 2 2]
#  [3 3 4 4 4]]

添加和删除元素

numpy.unique(ar, return_index=False, return_inverse=False,return_counts=False, axis=None)

Find the unique elements of an array.
return_index：the indices of the input array that give the unique values
return_inverse：the indices of the unique array that reconstruct the input array
return_counts：the number of times each unique value comes up in the input array

查找数组的唯一元素。

a=np.array([1,1,2,3,3,4,4])
b=np.unique(a,return_counts=True)
print(b[0][list(b[1]).index(1)])
#2