组合模式:将对象组合成树形结构以表示‘部分–整体’的层次结构,组合模式使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。
抽象类:
Component: 方法: Add(Component c) Remove(Component c) Display(int depth)
子类:
Leaf: Display(int depth)
子类(具体类)
Composite: Add(Component c) Remove(Component c) Display(int depth)
public abstract class Component
{
protected string name;
public Component(string name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public abstract void Add(Component c);
public abstract void Remove(Component c);
public abstract void Display(int depth);
}
//叶节点
public class Leaf : Component
{
public Leaf(string name) : base(name)
{
}
public override void Add(Component c)
{
Console.WriteLine("Cannot add to a leaf");
}
public override void Remove(Component c)
{
Console.WriteLine("Cannot remove from a leaf");
}
public override void Display(int depth)
{
//此处显示其名称和级别
Console.WriteLine(new String('-',depth)+name);
}
}
//枝节点
public class Composite : Component
{
private List<Component> children = new List<Component>();
public Composite(string name)
: base(name)
{
}
public override void Add(Component c)
{
children.Add(c);
}
public override void Remove(Component c)
{
children.Remove(c);
}
public override void Display(int depth)
{
//显示其节点名称,并对下级遍历
Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + name);
foreach (Component item in children)
{
item.Display(depth+2);
}
}
}
Main方法调用:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Composite root = new Composite("root");
root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf A"));
root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf B"));
Composite comp = new Composite("Composite X");
comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XA"));
comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XB"));
root.Add(comp);
Composite comp2 = new Composite("Composite XY");
comp2.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XYA"));
comp2.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XYB"));
root.Add(comp2);
root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf C"));
Leaf leaf = new Leaf("Leaf D");
root.Add(leaf);
root.Remove(leaf);
root.Display(1);
Console.ReadLine();
}
运行结果:
这种方式叫做透明模式,也就是说在Component中声明所有用来管理子对象的方法,其中包括Add、Remove等,这样实现Component的所有子类都具备了Add和Remove,这样做的好处就是叶节点和枝节点对于外界没有区别, 它们具备完全一致的行为,但问题也很明显,因为Leaf本身不具备Add()和Remove()的功能,所以实现它是无意义的
接下来,在练习一道题:
一个公司会有多个分公司,同时分公司和总公司都会有财务和人事部门。 它们具有相同的情况。
个人建议,UML图再做题。实在是想不到的话可以看看下面的代码。或者自己做完后比较一番。这样可以加深印象。
提示: 抽象类公司 中包含的方法: 增加(公司 ) 减少(公司)
显示(int) 履行职责()
//抽象工厂类
public abstract class Company
{
protected string name;
public Company(string name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public abstract void Add(Company c);
public abstract void Remove(Company c);
public abstract void Show(int dept);
public abstract void LineOfDuty();
}
//具体公司
public class ConcreteCompany:Company
{
private List<Company> list = new List<Company>();
public ConcreteCompany(string name) : base(name)
{
}
public override void Add(Company c)
{
list.Add(c);
}
public override void Remove(Company c)
{
list.Remove(c);
}
public override void Show(int dept)
{
Console.WriteLine(new String('-',dept)+name);
foreach (var item in list)
{
item.Show(dept+2);
}
}
public override void LineOfDuty()
{
foreach (var item in list)
{
item.LineOfDuty();
}
}
}
//财务部
public class FinanceDepartment : Company
{
public FinanceDepartment(string name)
: base(name)
{ }
public override void Add(Company c)
{
}
public override void Remove(Company c)
{
}
public override void Show(int dept)
{
Console.WriteLine(new String('-', dept)+name);
}
public override void LineOfDuty()
{
Console.WriteLine("我是{0}的,我负责发工资",name);
}
}
//人事部门
public class HRDepartment : Company
{
public HRDepartment(string name)
: base(name)
{ }
public override void Add(Company c)
{
}
public override void Remove(Company c)
{
}
public override void Show(int dept)
{
Console.WriteLine(new String('-', dept)+name);
}
public override void LineOfDuty()
{
Console.WriteLine("我是{0}的,我负责招聘新员工",name);
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ConcreteCompany c = new ConcreteCompany("总公司");
c.Add(new HRDepartment("北京总公司人事部"));
c.Add(new FinanceDepartment("北京总公司财务部"));
ConcreteCompany c1 = new ConcreteCompany("上海分公司");
c1.Add(new HRDepartment("上海分公司人事部"));
c1.Add(new FinanceDepartment("上海分公司财务部"));
c.Add(c1);
ConcreteCompany c2 = new ConcreteCompany("杭州分公司");
c2.Add(new HRDepartment("杭州分公司人事部"));
c2.Add(new FinanceDepartment("杭州分公司财务部"));
c.Add(c2);
c.Show(1);
c.LineOfDuty();
Console.ReadLine();
}
结果: