私有方法
代码:
public class PrivateOverride {
private void f() {
System.out.println("private f()");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
PrivateOverride po = new Derived();
po.f();
}
}
class Derived extends PrivateOverride {
public void f() {
System.out.println("public f()");
}
}
输出结果:
private f()
总结:
只有非 private 方法才可以被覆盖,因此在导出类中,对于基类的中的 private 方法,最好采用不同的名字。
类的属性
代码:
class Super {
public int field = 0;
public int getField() {
return field;
}
}
class Sub extends Super {
public int field = 1;
@Override
public int getField() {
return field;
}
public int getSuperField() {
return super.field;
}
}
public class FieldAccess {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Super sup = new Sub();
System.out.println("sup.field = " + sup.field + ", sup.getField() = " + sup.getField());
Sub sub = new Sub();
System.out.println("sub.field = " + sub.field + ", sub.getField() = " + sub.getField() + ", sub.getSuperField() = " + sub.getSuperField());
}
}
输出结果:
sup.field = 0, sup.getField() = 1
sub.field = 1, sub.getField() = 1, sub.getSuperField() = 0
总结:
当进行向上转型时,任何访问类的属性操作都是由编译器解析,因此不是多态。因此,我们一般建议把类的属性设置为 private,然后通过方法来访问属性值,这样就避免来因为多态而带来的属性取值问题。
静态方法
代码:
class StaticSuper {
public static String staticGet() {
return "base staticGet()";
}
public String get() {
return "base get()";
}
}
class StaticSub extends StaticSuper {
public static String staticGet() {
return "sub staticGet()";
}
@Override
public String get() {
return "sub get()";
}
}
public class StaticAccess {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StaticSuper ss = new StaticSub();
System.out.println(ss.staticGet());
System.out.println(ss.get());
}
}
输出结果:
base staticGet()
sub get()
总结:
静态方法不具有多态行为。
构造器和多态
代码:
class Glyph {
public Glyph() {
System.out.println("Glyph() before draw()");
draw();
System.out.println("Glyph() after draw()");
}
void draw() {
System.out.println("Glyph.draw()");
}
}
class RoundGlyph extends Glyph {
private int radius = 1;
RoundGlyph(int r) {
radius = r;
System.out.println("RoundGlyph(i).radius = " + radius);
}
void draw() {
System.out.println("RoundGlyph.draw(), radius = " + radius);
}
}
public class PolyConstructor {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new RoundGlyph(5);
}
}
输出结果:
Glyph() before draw()
RoundGlyph.draw(), radius = 0
Glyph() after draw()
RoundGlyph(i).radius = 5
总结
基类构造器里面的 draw() 方法实际执行的是子类里面的,这就导致子类的属性没有被正确初始化,因此我们一定要避免这种写法。