变量的指向是否被修改

a指向了新的数据，id发生改变

>>>  a = [1, 2]     # id1
>>> a = a + [3]    # id2
>>> a                   # 因为id发生了改变，变量a重新指向

a没有被重新指向

>>> a = [1, 2, 3]    # id3
>>> a.append(4)
>>> a                # id3没有变

>>>a = [1, 2, 3]    # id4
>>>a += [4]
>>>a                    # id4没有变