什么是ThreadLocal
顾名思义,本地线程共享变量,他可以使静态变量在每个线程中有一个镜像,互不干扰。使多线程开发时线程安全。实际实现是一个map,key是当前线程,value是你要存储的值。
简单看一下源码
threadlocal对外暴露的方法中,常用的有get(),set(),remove()三个。
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
}
set
先获取当前线程,然后把现成放入getMap方法中。看一下getMap:
/**
* Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
* InheritableThreadLocal.
*
* @param t the current thread
* @return the map
*/
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.threadLocals;
}
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
/**
* Create the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
* InheritableThreadLocal.
*
* @param t the current thread
* @param firstValue value for the initial entry of the map
*/
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}
获取传入线程的threadLocals变量,threadLocals类型是ThreadLocalMap。
回到set方法,如果map为空,创建一个新map,key为当前线程,value 为入参。
如果map不为空,用新值覆盖之前的值。
get
顾名思义,取值用的。
/**
* Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
* thread-local variable. If the variable has no value for the
* current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
* by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
*
* @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
*/
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue();
}
同样先获取当前线程,放入getMap获取到当前线程的threadLocals变量。
如果为空,则调用setInitialValue方法:
/**
* Variant of set() to establish initialValue. Used instead
* of set() in case user has overridden the set() method.
*
* @return the initial value
*/
private T setInitialValue() {
T value = initialValue();
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
return value;
}
protected T initialValue() {
return null;
}
先获取一个null,再判断当前线程的threadLocals是否为空,如果为空,创建一个心的map,key为当前线程,value为null。返回。
如果不为空,用null覆盖之前的值。
简单说就是setInitialValue方法永远会返回一个null。并且重置当前现成的map的value为null。
回到get方法,如果map不为空,取出相应的值。
remove
public void remove() {
ThreadLocalMap m = getMap(Thread.currentThread());
if (m != null)
m.remove(this);
}
简单易懂。不赘述了。
实践
写了一个entity
public class Session {
private int id;
private String name;
public Session() {
super();
}
public Session(int id, String name) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Session [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
}
试验一下如果不使用ThreadLocal
public class ThreadLocal1 {
static Session sessionstatic = new Session();
static Long threadId = null;
public Session getSession() {
return sessionstatic;
}
public void setSession(Session session) {
ThreadLocal1.sessionstatic = session;
}
void setThread() {
threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();
}
long getThread() {
return threadId;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadLocal1 a = new ThreadLocal1();
Session session = new Session();
session.setId(1);
session.setName("wm");
a.setThread();
a.setSession(session);
System.out.println(a.getThread());
System.out.println(a.getSession());
Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
ThreadLocal1 a2 = new ThreadLocal1();
String name = a.getSession().getName();
if(null==name) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}else{
a2.setThread();
a2.setSession(new Session(2,"tw"));
System.out.println(a2.getThread());
System.out.println(a2.getSession());
}
});
thread.start();
thread.join();
System.out.println(threadId);
System.out.println(sessionstatic.toString());
}
}
静态变量的结果被第二次的覆盖了。
使用ThreadLocal
public class ThreadLocal2 {
static ThreadLocal<Session> sessionstatic = new ThreadLocal<Session>();
static ThreadLocal<Long> threadId = new ThreadLocal<Long>();
void setThread() {
threadId.set(Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
void setSession(Session value) {
sessionstatic.set(value);
}
long getThread() {
return threadId.get();
}
Session getSession() {
return sessionstatic.get();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "session:"+sessionstatic.get() + "threadId:"+ threadId.get();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadLocal2 a = new ThreadLocal2();
Session session = new Session();
session.setId(1);
session.setName("wm");
a.setThread();
a.setSession(session);
System.out.println(a.getThread());
System.out.println(a.getSession());
Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
System.out.println("thread:::::"+a.toString());
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
ThreadLocal1 a2 = new ThreadLocal1();
a2.setThread();
a2.setSession(new Session(2,"tw"));
System.out.println(a2.getThread());
System.out.println(a2.getSession());
});
thread.start();
thread.join();
System.out.println(threadId.get());
System.out.println(sessionstatic.get().toString());
}
}
结果
打印出来的thread中的session和threadId都为null。因为前面的源码分析说了,这是一个新线程,新线程作为key取值时没有map的,它就会初始化一个map,key为新线程,value为null。
然后将a2的静态变量赋值为新线程的线程ID,session赋值为2,tw。
再回到main线程中打印原线程中的无变化。所以实现了线程之间的静态变量的隔离。保证了线程的安全。
说一个我的思考
这也是今天看项目时发现的一个问题,随手记录一下。
再分布式项目中,因为前台使用token传入后端,进行校验,然后去redis中取到当前用户的session,’session中存放我们需要的数据。现在如果没到取session这一步存放数据怎么办呢。比如存放token,其实好像就可以用ThreadLocal,他将token数据用ThreadLocal进行包装,保证每个线程的token是独立的,保证线程间的安全,token不会被其他线程篡改。我发现他就是这么用的,虽然我不太认同这个做法。