gateway对参数解密,返回值加密统一处理方法,可用版

加密解密Util

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class RSAEncrypt {
    private static Map<Integer, String> keyMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();  //用于封装随机产生的公钥与私钥

    public static String PUBLIC_KEY = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDPaJOEpH+TYNrYoHhVdfxwr5JomM9OTAbC4OuPDEVCGpY9J0OTi2yG8Q2M37c6fm+4+E6vGsfZcimszKNWut/wUQ1YirSCnE7OIilwFuCnwRj+ELvwkG3CYVz9cRAUh8ospdvVwroq56AF04j2r1MgMzB/sJWV5XBWlx9So3xNOwIDAQAB";
    public static String PRIVATE_KEY= "MIICeAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmIwggJeAgEAAoGBAM9ok4Skf5Ng2tigeFV1/HCvkmiYz05MBsLg648MRUIalj0nQ5OLbIbxDYzftzp+b7j4Tq8ax9lyKazMo1a63/BRDViKtIKcTs4iKXAW4KfBGP4Qu/CQbcJhXP1xEBSHyiyl29XCuirnoAXTiPavUyAzMH+wlZXlcFaXH1KjfE07AgMBAAECgYB1UHRoSVczuEvwzctio2rXHifU6+IOKmiEoA39Cna+LiWej2/kq68GIKCGdx+/gTaWTDTNTHuP3cf+ynz1GJyC33J6BtWXp4GCv21k/ivGyFdjfX/d89OPn5n1LbImRqh9SgSc5SlvU66K7y5AqBBnI19nrh2XDaENSqHoEU22qQJBAPOYF8ZxwETI21Ntmr0Gz+e9vMP13kRduEA1U/B02LEgYjY8iqT41+4DEmQA1FNqe13GuIdI0P/RgB7zMceWlk0CQQDZ+LTJNUg2/NygMyjzm854Ru6IIrS6s2YaYEeD1Ejka/RWn4BO4CR0hVIzx4hkwUcusNOy+EzZBer5w0oyc8WnAkEAuviPryraeDFvXz7umY5kAC07eXH7s5/375i/H/6f4HzJxXV8uZmjK7ZB5G5aithdbqI8OuKiQOkOHTNvjxG/tQJBAMgNKDfHDDlTiFYLvlkfNbdUOpZ9a+wyvNIWbWyDyEbFAeMCzusVcr/yoMhfKEJ41ZD3v8RxeW5xrQCAiTeW498CQQC3gCZwMzG/laJwVnCQtychXg82r+93Lz4SxsMBQ7ygWMrqQN8WB0JtAt1f2DwoDDPR8PDDrv5KiAGxjMrzgA1O";

    private static final String ALGORITHM = "RSA";
    /**
     * RSA最大加密明文大小
     */
    private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //生成公钥和私钥
//        genKeyPair();
//        //加密字符串
//        //String message = "df723820";
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        //map.put("username", "13019352001");
        //map.put("password", MD5Utils.md5Hex("123456".getBytes()));
        map.put("userId", 1);
        JSONObject json = new JSONObject(map);
        String messageEn = encrypt(JSONObject.toJSONString(json),PUBLIC_KEY);
        System.out.println(messageEn + "\t加密后的字符串为:" + messageEn);
        String messageDe = decrypt(messageEn,PRIVATE_KEY);
        System.out.println("还原后的字符串为:" + messageDe);


//        User user = new User();
//        user.setUserName("13019352002");
//        user.setPassword("123456");
//        user.setSex("1");
//        JSONObject.toJSONString(user);

//        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
//        map.put("pageNum", 1);
//        map.put("pageSize", 10);
//        JSONObject json = new JSONObject(map);

//        String messageEn = encrypt(JSONObject.toJSONString(json),PUBLIC_KEY);
//        System.out.println(messageEn + "\t加密后的字符串为:" + messageEn);

//        String messageEn = "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";
//        String messageDe = decrypt(messageEn,PRIVATE_KEY);
//        System.out.println("还原后的字符串为:" + messageDe);
    }

    /**
     * 随机生成密钥对
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     */
    public static void genKeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
        // KeyPairGenerator类用于生成公钥和私钥对,基于RSA算法生成对象
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        // 初始化密钥对生成器,密钥大小为96-1024位
        keyPairGen.initialize(1024,new SecureRandom());
        // 生成一个密钥对,保存在keyPair中
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();   // 得到私钥
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();  // 得到公钥
        String publicKeyString = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));
        // 得到私钥字符串
        String privateKeyString = new String(Base64.encodeBase64((privateKey.getEncoded())));
        // 将公钥和私钥保存到Map
        keyMap.put(0,publicKeyString);  //0表示公钥
        keyMap.put(1,privateKeyString);  //1表示私钥
    }
    /**
     * RSA公钥加密
     *
     * @param input
     *            加密字符串
     * @param rsaPublicKey
     *            公钥
     * @return 密文
     * @throws Exception
     *             加密过程中的异常信息
     */
    public static String encrypt( String input, String rsaPublicKey ) throws Exception{
        byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(rsaPublicKey);
        RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
        //RSA加密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);
        byte[] data = input.getBytes();

        X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        Key key = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);
        // 加密数据,分段加密
        int inputLength = data.length;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offset = 0;
        byte[] cache;
        int i = 0;
        while (inputLength - offset > 0) {
            if (inputLength - offset > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offset, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);
            } else {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offset, inputLength - offset);
            }
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
            i++;
            offset = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;
        }
        byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray();
        out.close();
        return Base64.encodeBase64String(encryptedData);
    }

    /**
     * RSA私钥解密
     *
     * @param str
     *            加密字符串
     * @param privateKey
     *            私钥
     * @return 铭文
     * @throws Exception
     *             解密过程中的异常信息
     */
    public static String decrypt(String str, String privateKey) throws Exception{
        // 得到私钥
        byte[] data = Base64.decodeBase64(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);
        RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));

        // 解密数据,分段解密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey);
        int inputLength = data.length;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offset = 0;
        byte[] cache;
        int i = 0;
        byte[] tmp;
        Integer MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128;
        while (inputLength - offset > 0) {
            if (inputLength - offset > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offset, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
            } else {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offset, inputLength - offset);
            }
            out.write(cache);
            i++;
            offset = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK;
        }
        byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray();
        out.close();
        String result = new String(decryptedData);
        return result;
    }
}

gateway请求参数统一处理

postman

Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded

参数例如:

请求参数解密拦截器

import com.ruoyi.common.core.constant.CacheConstants;
import com.ruoyi.gateway.Utils.GatewayContext;
import com.ruoyi.gateway.Utils.RSAEncrypt;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.rewrite.CachedBodyOutputMessage;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.BodyInserterContext;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.DefaultServerRequest;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.io.ByteArrayResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBufferUtils;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.NettyDataBufferFactory;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequestDecorator;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserter;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerRequest;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 网关鉴权
 * 
 * @author ruoyi
 */
@Component
public class ReqEncryptRequestFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered
{
    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();

        // TODO 如果请求的后台管理系统,则直接放行,不做加解密处理

        if (request.getMethod() != HttpMethod.POST && request.getMethod() != HttpMethod.PUT && request.getMethod() != HttpMethod.PATCH) {
            // 如果不是post(新增)、put(全量修改)、patch(部分字段修改)操作,则直接放行
            return chain.filter(exchange);
        }
        // 对增/改操作,实现入参解密操作
        return operationExchange(exchange, chain);
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
    }

    private Mono<Void> operationExchange(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {

        // 缓存请求路径
        ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
        String path = request.getPath().pathWithinApplication().value();
        GatewayContext gatewayContext = new GatewayContext();
        gatewayContext.setPath(path);
        // 保存网关上下文到exchange中
        exchange.getAttributes().put(GatewayContext.CACHE_GATEWAY_CONTEXT, gatewayContext);

        HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders();
        MediaType contentType = headers.getContentType();

        Mono<Void> voidMono = null;
        if (MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON.equals(contentType) || MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8.equals(contentType)) {
            // 对applicationjson类型数据做解密操作
            voidMono = readBody(exchange, chain);
        }
        if (MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED.equals(contentType)
                || (contentType != null && contentType.toString().startsWith(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)) ) {
            // form data
            voidMono = readFormData(exchange, chain, gatewayContext);
        }
        if(voidMono == null){
            voidMono = chain.filter(exchange);
        }
        return voidMono;
    }

    private Mono<Void> readFormData(
            ServerWebExchange exchange,
            GatewayFilterChain chain,
            GatewayContext gatewayContext) {
        final ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
        HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders();
        String userid = headers.getFirst("token");

        return exchange.getFormData()
                .doOnNext(multiValueMap -> {
                    gatewayContext.setFormData(multiValueMap);
                })
                .then(Mono.defer(() -> {
                    Charset charset = headers.getContentType().getCharset();
                    charset = charset == null ? StandardCharsets.UTF_8 : charset;
                    String charsetName = charset.name();
                    MultiValueMap<String, String> formData =
                            gatewayContext.getFormData();
                    /** formData is empty just return */
                    if (null == formData || formData.isEmpty()) {
                        return chain.filter(exchange);
                    }
                    StringBuilder formDataBodyBuilder = new StringBuilder();
                    String entryKey;
                    List<String> entryValue;
                    try {
                        /* repackage form data */
                        for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : formData
                                .entrySet()) {
                            entryKey = entry.getKey();
                            entryValue = entry.getValue();
                            if (entryValue.size() > 1) {
                                for (String value : entryValue) {
                                    formDataBodyBuilder.append(entryKey).append("=")
                                            .append(
                                                    URLEncoder.encode(value, charsetName))
                                            .append("&");
                                }
                            } else {
                                formDataBodyBuilder
                                        .append(entryKey).append("=").append(URLEncoder
                                        .encode(decodeBody(entryValue.get(0)), charsetName))
                                        .append("&");
                            }
                        }
                    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                        // ignore URLEncode Exception
                    }
                    /* substring with the last char '&' */
                    String formDataBodyString = "";
                    if (formDataBodyBuilder.length() > 0) {
                        formDataBodyString = formDataBodyBuilder.substring(0,
                                formDataBodyBuilder.length() - 1);
                    }

                    // date data bytes
                    byte[] bodyBytes = formDataBodyString.getBytes(charset);
                    int contentLength = bodyBytes.length;
                    ServerHttpRequestDecorator decorator =
                            new ServerHttpRequestDecorator(
                                    request) {

                                @Override
                                public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                                    HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
                                    httpHeaders.putAll(super.getHeaders());
                                    httpHeaders.set(CacheConstants.DETAILS_USER_ID, userid);
                                    if (contentLength > 0) {
                                        httpHeaders.setContentLength(contentLength);
                                    } else {
                                        httpHeaders.set(HttpHeaders.TRANSFER_ENCODING,
                                                "chunked");
                                    }
                                    return httpHeaders;
                                }

                                @Override
                                public Flux<DataBuffer> getBody() {
                                    return DataBufferUtils
                                            .read(new ByteArrayResource(bodyBytes),
                                                    new NettyDataBufferFactory(
                                                            ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT),
                                                    contentLength);
                                }
                            };
                    ServerWebExchange mutateExchange =
                            exchange.mutate().request(decorator).build();
                    return chain.filter(mutateExchange);
                }));
    }

    private Mono<Void> readBody(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        final ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
        MediaType mediaType = request.getHeaders().getContentType();
        // 修改响应体
        ServerRequest serverRequest = new DefaultServerRequest(exchange);
        Mono<String> modifiedBody = serverRequest.bodyToMono(String.class)
                .flatMap(body -> {
//				if (MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON.isCompatibleWith(mediaType)) {
//					// 拿到公钥加密后的数据
//					return Mono.just(decodeBody(body));
//				}
//				return Mono.empty();
                    // TODO 加解密暂未联调,先屏蔽掉
                    return Mono.just(body);
                });
        BodyInserter bodyInserter = BodyInserters.fromPublisher(modifiedBody, String.class);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.putAll(request.getHeaders());
        headers.remove(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_LENGTH);
        CachedBodyOutputMessage outputMessage = new CachedBodyOutputMessage(exchange, headers);
        return bodyInserter.insert(outputMessage, new BodyInserterContext())
                .then(Mono.defer(() -> {
                    ServerHttpRequestDecorator decorator = new ServerHttpRequestDecorator(
                            request) {
                        @Override
                        public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                            long contentLength = headers.getContentLength();
                            HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
                            httpHeaders.putAll(super.getHeaders());
                            if (contentLength > 0) {
                                httpHeaders.setContentLength(contentLength);
                            } else {
                                httpHeaders.set(HttpHeaders.TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked");
                            }
                            return httpHeaders;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public Flux<DataBuffer> getBody() {
                            return outputMessage.getBody();
                        }
                    };
                    return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(decorator).build());
                }));
    }

    private String decodeBody(String body){
        // 拿到公钥加密后的数据
        String newBoday = null;
        try {
            newBoday = RSAEncrypt.decrypt(body,RSAEncrypt.PRIVATE_KEY);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return newBoday;
    }

}

返回参数加密处理:

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.ruoyi.gateway.Utils.RSAEncrypt;
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBufferFactory;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBufferUtils;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DefaultDataBufferFactory;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponseDecorator;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

/**
 * 网关鉴权
 * 
 * @author ruoyi
 */
@Component
public class ReqFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {

    private int order;
    // 设置到 exchange.getAttributes()中的key
    public final static String CACHED_REQUEST_BODY_OBJECT_KEY = "CACHED_REQUEST_BODY_OBJECT_KEY";

    // 设置到 exchange.getAttributes()中的key
    public final static String BG_DEBUG_KEY = "BG_DEBUG";

    // 请求参数,返回参数 加密
    public final static String REQ_RES_ENCRYPT = "0";

    // 请求参出,返回结果 无需加密
    public final static String REQ_RES_NALMORE = "1";

    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        String bgDebug = exchange.getAttributeOrDefault(BG_DEBUG_KEY, REQ_RES_ENCRYPT);

        ServerHttpResponse originalResponse = exchange.getResponse();
        DataBufferFactory bufferFactory = originalResponse.bufferFactory();
        ServerHttpResponseDecorator decoratedResponse = new ServerHttpResponseDecorator(originalResponse) {
            @Override
            public Mono<Void> writeWith(Publisher<? extends DataBuffer> body) {
                if (body instanceof Flux) {
                    Flux<? extends DataBuffer> fluxBody = (Flux<? extends DataBuffer>) body;
                    return super.writeWith(fluxBody.buffer().map(dataBuffer -> {

                        DataBufferFactory dataBufferFactory = new DefaultDataBufferFactory();
                        DataBuffer join = dataBufferFactory.join(dataBuffer);

                        byte[] content = new byte[join.readableByteCount()];
                        join.read(content);
                        //释放掉内存
                        DataBufferUtils.release(join);
                        // 正常返回的数据
                        String rootData = new String(content, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
                        byte[] respData = rootData.getBytes();

                        if(REQ_RES_ENCRYPT.equals(bgDebug)){
                            // 对数据进行加密
                            String randomKey = RSAEncrypt.PUBLIC_KEY;
                            String encryptData = null;
                            try {
                                encryptData = RSAEncrypt.encrypt(rootData, randomKey);
                            } catch (Exception e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                            String encryptRandomKey = "999";
                            JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
                            json.put("k", encryptRandomKey);
                            json.put("v", encryptData);
                            respData = json.toJSONString().getBytes();
                        }

                        // 加密后的数据返回给客户端
                        byte[] uppedContent = new String(respData, Charset.forName("UTF-8")).getBytes();
                        return bufferFactory.wrap(uppedContent);
                    }));
                }
                return super.writeWith(body);
            }
        };
        return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().response(decoratedResponse).build());
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return -1;
    }
}

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Spring Cloud Gateway 是一个高性能且轻量级的 API 网关,它是 Spring Cloud 家族的一员,用于路由、过滤和服务发现。在 Gateway 中,异常处理是一个关键功能,它可以帮助你在全局层面上捕获和处理请求过程中可能出现的各种错误。 在 Spring Cloud Gateway 中,你可以使用全局错误处理器(Global Error Handler)来统一处理所有未被路由到其他服务的异常。这样,即使内部微服务发生异常,用户也会看到一致的错误响应,而不是直接暴露服务内部的错误。 以下是实现统一异常处理的基本步骤: 1. 配置全局错误处理器:在 `application.yml` 或 `application.properties` 文件中添加全局异常处理器的配置,例如: ```yaml error: path: /error handler: exception: my.error.handler ``` 2. 创建全局错误处理器类:定义一个实现了 `ReactiveErrorWebExceptionHandler` 或其子类的类,并实现 `handle` 方法处理不同类型的错误。 ```java @Bean public GlobalErrorExceptionHandler myErrorHandler() { return new MyErrorExceptionHandler(); } public class MyErrorExceptionHandler implements ReactiveErrorWebExceptionHandler { @Override public Mono<ServerResponse> handle(ServerRequest request, Throwable ex) { // 这里可以根据异常类型、状态码等返回定制化的错误响应 return ServerResponse.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR) .bodyValue("An unexpected error occurred: " + ex.getMessage()); } } ``` 3. 异常处理策略:你可以选择只处理特定类型的异常,或者使用 `@ExceptionHandler` 注解来处理特定的 HTTP 状态码。

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