UT规范

1.概览

UT主要使用powermock进行测试，powermock是easymock的改进版，相对于easymock:

a.更简单、直观，省去了easymock的一些步骤，学习成本低

b.支持静态函数单元测试

c.支持的注解比easymock更强大

下面通过例子，从三方面介绍powermock的单元测试方法，选择这三方面，主要是单元测试的写法略有区别:

a.被单元测试函数中调用了有返回值的函数

b.被单元测试的函数中调用了无返回值的函数

c.被单元测试的函数中需要调用静态函数

2.被测试类的示例

2.1 EmployeeController 

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class EmployeeController {

    private EmployeeService employeeService;

    public EmployeeController() {
           this.employeeService = new EmployeeService();
    }
   
   public Map<String, Integer> getProjectedEmployeeCount() {
          Map<String, Integer> result = new HashMap<String, Integer> ();
          int actualEmployeeCount = employeeService.getEmployeeCount("A");
          result.put("actualEmployeeCount", actualEmployeeCount);
          return result;
    }

   public void saveEmployee() throws Exception {
         Employee employee = new Employee();
         employeeService.saveEmployee(employee);
   }

   public Map<String, Boolean> isWorking(String name) {
         Map<String, Boolean> returned = new HashMap<String, Boolean> ();
         boolean result = CommonUtils.isWorking(name);
         returned.put(name, result);
         return returned;
   }

}

2.2 EmployeeService

public class EmployeeService {

      private static String COMPANY_A = "A";

      private static int COMPANY_A_EMPLOYEE_COUNT = 100;

      public int getEmployeeCount(String companyName) {
             if (COMPANY_A.equals(companyName)) {
                   return COMPANY_A_EMPLOYEE_COUNT;
            } else {
            return 0;
           }
    }

    public void saveEmployee(Employee employee) {
           throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

}

2.3 Employee

public class Employee {

}

2.4 CommonUtils

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class CommonUtils {

       public static boolean isWorking(String name) {
              List<String> names = new ArrayList<String> ();
              names.add("jack");
              names.add("john");
              names.add("marks");
              return names.contains(name);
       }
}

3. 单元测试示例

3.1 单元测试分类

通过对EmployeeController中的各个函数进行单元测试，来标识三个方面的测试：

a.getProjectedEmployeeCount调用了employeeService.getEmployeeCount是有返回值的函数

b.saveEmployee调用了employeeService.saveEmployee是返回值为空的函数

c.isWorking调用了CommonUtils.isWorking是静态函数

3.2 单元测试例子

对EmployeeController进行单元测试

import java.util.Map;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;

//标识使用PowerMock测试，使用PowerMock测试必加

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)

//标识会使用到CommonUtils中的静态函数，如果单元测试的函数中会使用某个类的静态函数必须提前将类Prepare
@PrepareForTest({ CommonUtils.class })
public class EmployeeControllerTest {

//被单元测试的类，相当于new一个对象

@InjectMocks
private EmployeeController employeeController;
//被单元测试的类中的函数需要调用的其他对象，使用mock虚拟化
@Mock
private EmployeeService employeeService;

//单元测试注解
@Test
public void getProjectedEmployeeCountTest() {

       //虚拟化函数的返回值
       Mockito.when(employeeService.getEmployeeCount(Mockito.anyString())).thenReturn(0);
       Map<String,Integer> result = employeeController.getProjectedEmployeeCount();

       //断言返回的结果和预期一致
       Assert.assertTrue(result.get("actualEmployeeCount") == 0);
}

//单元测试注解
@Test
public void saveEmployeeTest() {

       //对于无返回值的函数，虚拟化什么也不做
       Mockito.doNothing().when(employeeService).saveEmployee(Mockito.any(Employee.class));
       Exception exception = null;
       try {
             employeeController.saveEmployee();
       } catch (Exception exp) {
            exception = exp;
       }

       //断言employeeController.saveEmployee没有异常产生
       Assert.assertNull(exception);
}

//单元测试注解
@Test
public void isWorkingTest() {

        //静态函数调用前准备
       PowerMockito.mockStatic(CommonUtils.class);

        //虚拟化静态函数的返回值
       Mockito.when(CommonUtils.isWorking(Mockito.anyString())).thenReturn(false);
       Map<String, Boolean> returned = employeeController.isWorking("abc");

       //断言返回的结果和预期一致
       Assert.assertFalse(returned.get("abc"));
}

}