mysql 字符集的设置分下面几个层级:
服务器级别;数据库级别;表级别、列级别;连接级别
使用命令查看当前数据库的字符集设置:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character\_set\_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| collation_connection | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
一、修改mysqld 的配置:
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
character-set-client-handshake=False
上面的配置:
第一项修改数据库及服务器的字符集设置,对应的是 character_set_database、character_set_server 两项;
第二项修改数据库及服务器的字符集排序规则,对应的是 collation_database、collation_server 两项;
第三项忽略掉客户端的字符集设置,默认使用服务器的设置,涉及 character_set_client、character_set_connection、character_set_results、collation_connection 这几项;
二、除了修改配置,还要修改已经存在的数据库、表、字段的字符集:
修改Database字符集:ALTER DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
修改Table字符集:ALTER TABLE table_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
修改column字符集:ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE column_name column_name VARCHAR(191) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL;
三、在django项目的数据库连接配置中,设置charset=utf8mb4 即可。