进程页表映射例子

进程页表映射例子

在用户空间操作硬件的寄存器的例子:

驱动

drivers/char/mem.c

static int mmap_mem(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)

static int mmap_mem(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	size_t size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;
	phys_addr_t offset = (phys_addr_t)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;

	/* Does it even fit in phys_addr_t? */
	if (offset >> PAGE_SHIFT != vma->vm_pgoff)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* It's illegal to wrap around the end of the physical address space. */
	if (offset + (phys_addr_t)size - 1 < offset)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!valid_mmap_phys_addr_range(vma->vm_pgoff, size))//判断在物理地址上映射是否有效
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!private_mapping_ok(vma))
		return -ENOSYS;

	if (!range_is_allowed(vma->vm_pgoff, size))
		return -EPERM;

	if (!phys_mem_access_prot_allowed(file, vma->vm_pgoff, size,
						&vma->vm_page_prot))
		return -EINVAL;

	vma->vm_page_prot = phys_mem_access_prot(file, vma->vm_pgoff,
						 size,
						 vma->vm_page_prot);

	vma->vm_ops = &mmap_mem_ops;

	/* Remap-pfn-range will mark the range VM_IO */
	if (remap_pfn_range(vma, //用户空间进程页表映射
			    vma->vm_start,
			    vma->vm_pgoff,
			    size,
			    vma->vm_page_prot)) {
		return -EAGAIN;
	}
	return 0;
}

应用

连接:http://sources.buildroot.net/devmem2.c

devmem2.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
  
#define FATAL do { fprintf(stderr, "Error at line %d, file %s (%d) [%s]\n", \
  __LINE__, __FILE__, errno, strerror(errno)); exit(1); } while(0)
 
#define MAP_SIZE 4096UL
#define MAP_MASK (MAP_SIZE - 1)

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int fd;
    void *map_base, *virt_addr; 
	unsigned long read_result, writeval;
	off_t target;
	int access_type = 'w';
	
	if(argc < 2) {
		fprintf(stderr, "\nUsage:\t%s { address } [ type [ data ] ]\n"
			"\taddress : memory address to act upon\n"
			"\ttype    : access operation type : [b]yte, [h]alfword, [w]ord\n"
			"\tdata    : data to be written\n\n",
			argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}
	target = strtoul(argv[1], 0, 0);

	if(argc > 2)
		access_type = tolower(argv[2][0]);


    if((fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) == -1) FATAL;
    printf("/dev/mem opened.\n"); 
    fflush(stdout);
    
    /* Map one page */
    map_base = mmap(0, MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, target & ~MAP_MASK);//映射一页
    if(map_base == (void *) -1) FATAL;
    printf("Memory mapped at address %p.\n", map_base); 
    fflush(stdout);
    
    virt_addr = map_base + (target & MAP_MASK);
    switch(access_type) {
		case 'b':
			read_result = *((unsigned char *) virt_addr);
			break;
		case 'h':
			read_result = *((unsigned short *) virt_addr);
			break;
		case 'w':
			read_result = *((unsigned long *) virt_addr);
			break;
		default:
			fprintf(stderr, "Illegal data type '%c'.\n", access_type);
			exit(2);
	}
    printf("Value at address 0x%X (%p): 0x%X\n", target, virt_addr, read_result); 
    fflush(stdout);

	if(argc > 3) {
		writeval = strtoul(argv[3], 0, 0);
		switch(access_type) {
			case 'b':
				*((unsigned char *) virt_addr) = writeval;
				read_result = *((unsigned char *) virt_addr);
				break;
			case 'h':
				*((unsigned short *) virt_addr) = writeval;
				read_result = *((unsigned short *) virt_addr);
				break;
			case 'w':
				*((unsigned long *) virt_addr) = writeval;
				read_result = *((unsigned long *) virt_addr);
				break;
		}
		printf("Written 0x%X; readback 0x%X\n", writeval, read_result); 
		fflush(stdout);
	}
	
	if(munmap(map_base, MAP_SIZE) == -1) FATAL;
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}