第4天Fragment基础知识

Fragment

一.Fragment介绍

Fragment，英文碎片的意思，早期应用在平板设计中，Fragment作为Android最基本，最重要的基础概念之一，在开发中经常会和他打交道。Fragment可以理解成Activity中用户界面的一个行为或者一部分，它必须被嵌套在Activity中。但是一个Fragment有它自己独立的xml布局文件，并且具有良好的封装性，因此特殊情况下Fragment可以很容易用Activity来进行替换。

二.Fragment应用

三 如何创建Fragment

步骤1：创建Fragment对象:(右击新建Fragment一步搞定)

(1).定义一个类, 继承Fragment
(2).重写父类的方法onCreateView()
(3).在onCreateView()方法中, 为Fragment 创建UI界面

四.如何显示Fragment

1.Fragment的静态显示

（1）Fragment代码：MyFragment.java

（2）静态显示：activity_main.xml

2.Fragment的动态显示

（1）创建多个Fragment类：此处省略
（2）MainActivity代码：MainActivity.java

(3)activity_main.xml布局文件：

四.FragmentManager

1.简介

中文名称：碎片管理器
出生日期：Android 3.0/API level 11
助 理：FragmentTransaction
获取方式：①Android 3.0前的版本使用getSupportFragmentManager()方法获取
②Android 3.0之后的版本用getFragmentManager()获取

2.实现流程

1：获得FragmentManager对象
FragmentManager fragmentManager=getFragmentManager();
2：开启事务
FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
3：通过FragmentTransaction 调用add()、replace()方法管理fragment
4：transaction .commit();

五.Fragment的生命周期

1.onAttach() :Fragment与Activity有联系。
2.onCreate():创建Fragment
3.onCreateView():创建Fragment视图，尽量不要做耗时操作
4.onActivityCreated():当Activity中的onCreate方法执行完后调用。
5.onStart():启动。
6.onResume():可见
7.onPause()：不可见
8.onStop():停止。
9. onDestroyView() ：销毁Fragment视图
10.onDestroy():销毁fragment对象
11.onDetach():Fragment和Activity解除关联的时候调用

六.Fragment实现切换：观察fragment的生命周期

1.使用replace切换

public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private OneFragment oneFragment;
    private TwoFragment twoFragment;
    private ThreeFragment threeFragment;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
        FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
        //replace替换
        if(oneFragment == null){
            oneFragment = new OneFragment();
        }
        transaction.replace(R.id.frame,oneFragment);
        transaction.commit();
        findViewById(R.id.bt_one).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
                FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
                //replace替换
                if(oneFragment == null){
                    oneFragment = new OneFragment();
                }
                transaction.replace(R.id.frame,oneFragment);
                transaction.commit();
            }
        });
        findViewById(R.id.bt_two).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
                FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
                //replace替换
                if(twoFragment == null){
                    twoFragment = new TwoFragment();
                }
                transaction.replace(R.id.frame,twoFragment);
                transaction.commit();

            }
        });
        findViewById(R.id.bt_three).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
                FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
                //replace替换
                if(threeFragment == null){
                    threeFragment = new ThreeFragment();
                }
                transaction.replace(R.id.frame,threeFragment);
                transaction.commit();

            }
        });
    }
}

2.使用hide/show显示隐藏切换

public class MusicActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    RadioGroup radioGroup;
    BlankFragment blankFragment;
    BlankFragment2 blankFragment2;
    BlankFragment3 blankFragment3;
    BlankFragment4 blankFragment4;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_music);
        radioGroup = findViewById(R.id.group);
        radioGroup.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
                hideAll();
                switch (checkedId){
                    case R.id.rb1://显示第一个fragment
                        FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
                        FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
                        if(blankFragment != null){//判断是否加过
                            transaction.show(blankFragment);//直接显示
                        }else{//没有加过
                            blankFragment = new BlankFragment();
                            transaction.add(R.id.frame,blankFragment);
                        }
                        transaction.commit();//千万不要忘记提交
                        break;
                    case R.id.rb2:
                        FragmentManager manager2 = getSupportFragmentManager();
                        FragmentTransaction transaction2 = manager2.beginTransaction();
                        if(blankFragment2 != null){//判断是否加过
                            transaction2.show(blankFragment2);//直接显示
                        }else{//没有加过
                            blankFragment2 = new BlankFragment2();
                            transaction2.add(R.id.frame,blankFragment2);
                        }
                        transaction2.commit();//千万不要忘记提交
                        break;
                    case R.id.rb3:
                        FragmentManager manager3 = getSupportFragmentManager();
                        FragmentTransaction transaction3 = manager3.beginTransaction();
                        if(blankFragment3!= null){//判断是否加过
                            transaction3.show(blankFragment3);//直接显示
                        }else{//没有加过
                            blankFragment3 = new BlankFragment3();
                            transaction3.add(R.id.frame,blankFragment3);
                        }
                        transaction3.commit();//千万不要忘记提交

                        break;
                    case R.id.rb4:
                        FragmentManager manager4 = getSupportFragmentManager();
                        FragmentTransaction transaction4 = manager4.beginTransaction();
                        if(blankFragment4!= null){//判断是否加过
                            transaction4.show(blankFragment4);//直接显示
                        }else{//没有加过
                            blankFragment4 = new BlankFragment4();
                            transaction4.add(R.id.frame,blankFragment4);
                        }
                        transaction4.commit();//千万不要忘记提交
                        break;
                }
            }
        });
    }
    public void hideAll(){
        FragmentManager supportFragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction transaction = supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        if(blankFragment != null){
            transaction.hide(blankFragment);
        }
        if(blankFragment2 != null){
            transaction.hide(blankFragment2);
        }
        if(blankFragment3 != null){
            transaction.hide(blankFragment3);
        }
        if(blankFragment4 != null){
            transaction.hide(blankFragment4);
        }
        transaction.commit();
    }
}