<div id="article_content" class="article_content clearfix csdn-tracking-statistics" data-pid="blog" data-mod="popu_307" data-dsm="post" style="height: 1518px; overflow: hidden;">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://csdnimg.cn/release/phoenix/template/css/htmledit_views-0a60691e80.css">
<div class="htmledit_views">
<h2><a name="t0"></a><span>1. Dubbo是什么?</span></h2>
<p><span>Dubbo是一个分布式服务框架,致力于提供高性能和透明化的RPC远程服务调用方案,以及SOA服务治理方案。简单的说,</span><span><span>dubbo就是个服务框架,如果没有分布式的需求,其实是不需要用的,只有在分布式的时候,才有dubbo这样的分布式服务框架的需求,并且本质上是个服务调用的东东,<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>说白了就是个远程服务调用的分布式框架(告别<span>Web Service模式中的WSdl,以服务者与消费者的方式在dubbo上注册</span>)</strong></span></span></span><br><span>其核心部分包含:</span><br><span>1. 远程通讯: 提供对多种基于长连接的NIO框架抽象封装,包括多种线程模型,序列化,以及“请求-响应”模式的信息交换方式。</span><br><span>2. 集群容错: 提供基于接口方法的透明远程过程调用,包括多协议支持,以及软负载均衡,失败容错,地址路由,动态配置等集群支持。</span><br><span>3. 自动发现: 基于注册中心目录服务,使服务消费方能动态的查找服务提供方,使地址透明,使服务提供方可以平滑增加或减少机器。</span></p>
<h2><a name="t1"></a><a name="t1" target="_blank"></a><span><span>2. Dubbo能做什么?</span></span></h2>
<p><span>1.透明化的远程方法调用,就像调用本地方法一样调用远程方法,只需简单配置,没有任何API侵入。 <br>
2.软负载均衡及容错机制,可在内网替代F5等硬件负载均衡器,降低成本,减少单点。<br>
3. 服务自动注册与发现,不再需要写死服务提供方地址,注册中心基于接口名查询服务提供者的IP地址,并且能够平滑添加或删除服务提供者。<br><br></span><span>Dubbo采用全Spring配置方式,透明化接入应用,对应用没有任何API侵入,只需用Spring加载Dubbo的配置即可,Dubbo基于Spring的Schema扩展进行加载。</span><span><br></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>之前使用Web Service,我想测试接口可以通过模拟消息的方式通过soapui或LR进行功能测试或性能测试。但现在使用Dubbo,接口之间不能直接交互,我尝试通过模拟消费者地址测试,结果不堪入目,再而使用jmeter通过junit进行测试,但还是需要往dubbo上去注册,如果再不给提供源代码的前提下,这个测试用例不好写啊....</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<h2><a name="t2"></a><a name="t2" target="_blank"></a>3. dubbo的架构</h2>
<div><span lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">dubbo</span><span>架构图如下所示:</span></div>
<div> </div>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224140734734" alt=""></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<h4><a name="t3" target="_blank"></a>节点角色说明:</h4>
<p> Provider: 暴露服务的服务提供方。</p>
<p> Consumer: 调用远程服务的服务消费方。</p>
<p> Registry: 服务注册与发现的注册中心。</p>
<p> Monitor: 统计服务的调用次调和调用时间的监控中心。</p>
<p> Container: 服务运行容器。</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>这点我觉得非常好,角色分明,可以根据每个节点角色的状态来确定该服务是否正常。</strong></span></p>
<h4><a name="t4" target="_blank"></a></h4>
<h4><a name="t5" target="_blank"></a>调用关系说明:</h4>
<p><span>0 服务容器负责启动,加载,运行服务提供者。</span></p>
<h4><a name="t6" target="_blank"></a><span>1. 服务提供者在启动时,向注册中心注册自己提供的服务。</span></h4>
<h4><a name="t7" target="_blank"></a><span>2. 服务消费者在启动时,向注册中心订阅自己所需的服务。</span></h4>
<h4><a name="t8" target="_blank"></a><span>3. 注册中心返回服务提供者地址列表给消费者,如果有变更,注册中心将基于长连接推送变更数据给消费者。</span></h4>
<h4><a name="t9" target="_blank"></a><span>4. 服务消费者,从提供者地址列表中,基于软负载均衡算法,选一台提供者进行调用,如果调用失败,再选另一台调用。</span></h4>
<h4><a name="t10" target="_blank"></a><span>5. 服务消费者和提供者,在内存中累计调用次数和调用时间,定时每分钟发送一次统计数据到监控中心。</span></h4>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>dubbo的容错性显而易见,性能方面还没有还得及测,我们系统某页面需要掉5次接口,本来想建议做个缓存,但业务关系不能采纳,还需要研究下dubbo的性能调优问题...</strong></span></p>
<h2><a name="t3"></a><a name="t11" target="_blank"></a>4. dubbo使用方法。</h2>
<p><span>Dubbo采用全Spring配置方式,透明化接入应用,对应用没有任何API侵入,只需用Spring加载Dubbo的配置即可,Dubbo基于Spring的Schema扩展进行加载。</span><span>如果不想使用Spring配置,而希望通过API的方式进行调用(不推荐)</span></p>
<p><span>下面我们就来看看spring配置方式的写法:</span></p>
<h4><a name="t12" target="_blank"></a>服务提供者:</h4>
<p><span>1. 下载zookeeper注册中心,下载地址:<a href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/zookeeper/" target="_blank"><span>http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/zookeeper/</span></a> 下载后解压即可,进入D:\apach-zookeeper-3.4.5\bin,</span></p>
<p><span>双击zkServer.cmd启动注册中心服务。</span></p>
<h4><a name="t13" target="_blank"></a><span>2. 定义服务接口: (该接口需单独打包,在服务提供方和消费方共享)</span></h4>
<p> </p>
<p> <strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">下面这个例子不错,写的很详细可以做个model.</span></strong></p>
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_html">
<ol class="dp-xml" start="1"><li class="alt"><span><span>package com.unj.dubbotest.provider; </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import java.util.List; </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>public interface DemoService { </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> String sayHello(String name); </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> public List getUsers(); </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>} </span></li></ol></div>
<p><br><span>在服务提供方实现接口:(对服务消费方隐藏实现)</span></p>
<p><span style="line-height:1.5;"> </span></p>
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_html">
<ol class="dp-xml" start="1"><li class="alt"><span><span>package com.unj.dubbotest.provider; </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import java.util.ArrayList; </span></li><li><span>import java.util.LinkedList; </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import java.util.List; </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span>public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService{ </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> public String sayHello(String name) { </span></li><li class="alt"><span> return "Hello " + name; </span></li><li><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> public List getUsers() { </span></li><li><span> List <span class="attribute">list</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> ArrayList(); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> User <span class="attribute">u1</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> User(); </span></span></li><li><span> u1.setName("jack"); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> u1.setAge(20); </span></li><li><span> u1.setSex("男"); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> User <span class="attribute">u2</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> User(); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> u2.setName("tom"); </span></li><li><span> u2.setAge(21); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> u2.setSex("女"); </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> User <span class="attribute">u3</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> User(); </span></span></li><li><span> u3.setName("rose"); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> u3.setAge(19); </span></li><li><span> u3.setSex("女"); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> list.add(u1); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> list.add(u2); </span></li><li><span> list.add(u3); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> return list; </span></li><li><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span>} </span></li></ol></div>
<p> </p>
<div class="panelMacro">用Spring配置声明暴露服务:</div>
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_html">
<ol class="dp-xml" start="1"><li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><?</span><span class="tag-name">xml</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">version</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"1.0"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">encoding</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"UTF-8"</span><span class="tag">?></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">beans</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">xmlns</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">xmlns:xsi</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="attribute">xmlns:dubbo</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span>="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans </span></span></li><li><span> http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd </span></li><li class="alt"><span> http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo </span></li><li><span> http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd </span></li><li class="alt"><span> "<span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 具体的实现bean --></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">bean</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"demoService"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">class</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoServiceImpl"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 提供方应用信息,用于计算依赖关系 --></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:application</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"xixi_provider"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <!-- 使用multicast广播注册中心暴露服务地址 </span></li><li><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:registry</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">address</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"multicast://224.5.6.7:1234"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span>--</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 --></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:registry</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">address</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 --></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:protocol</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"dubbo"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">port</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"20880"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 --></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:service</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">interface</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">ref</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"demoService"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"></</span><span class="tag-name">beans</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li></ol></div>
<div class="panelMacro">加载Spring配置,启动服务:</div>
<div class="panelMacro">
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_html">
<ol class="dp-xml" start="1"><li class="alt"><span><span>package com.unj.dubbotest.provider; </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>public class Provider { </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { </span></li><li><span> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext <span class="attribute">context</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"applicationContext.xml"}); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> context.start(); </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> System.in.read(); // 为保证服务一直开着,利用输入流的阻塞来模拟 </span></li><li><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span>} </span></li></ol></div>
<br><h4><a name="t14" target="_blank"></a>服务消费者:</h4>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"> applicationContext-dubbo.xml 中注册自己需要调用的接口,我刚开始测试的时候需要的接口很多,所以把这个文件写的满满的,后来熟悉了把接口按业务类型分开,写了N多个<strong><span> applicationContext-dubbo-***.xml 简练多了 》。 </span></strong></span></strong></p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<div class="panelMacro"><span>1.通过Spring配置引用远程服务:</span>
<div class="panelMacro">
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_html">
<ol class="dp-xml" start="1"><li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><?</span><span class="tag-name">xml</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">version</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"1.0"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">encoding</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"UTF-8"</span><span class="tag">?></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">beans</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">xmlns</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">xmlns:xsi</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">xmlns:dubbo</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="attribute">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span>="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd </span></li><li><span> http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo </span></li><li class="alt"><span> http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd </span></li><li><span> "<span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 消费方应用名,用于计算依赖关系,不是匹配条件,不要与提供方一样 --></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:application</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"hehe_consumer"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 --></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="comments"><!-- <dubbo:registry address="multicast://224.5.6.7:1234" /> --></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:registry</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">address</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 生成远程服务代理,可以像使用本地bean一样使用demoService --></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:reference</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"demoService"</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">interface</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"></</span><span class="tag-name">beans</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li></ol></div>
<br><div class="panelMacro"><span>2.加载Spring配置,并调用远程服务:</span></div>
<div class="panelMacro">
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_html">
<ol class="dp-xml" start="1"><li class="alt"><span><span>package com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.pp; </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import java.util.List; </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService; </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>public class Consumer { </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { </span></li><li><span> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext <span class="attribute">context</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" }); </span></li><li><span> context.start(); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> DemoService <span class="attribute">demoService</span><span> = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoService"); // </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> String <span class="attribute">hello</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">demoService</span><span>.sayHello("tom"); // ִ </span></span></li><li><span> System.out.println(hello); // </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> // </span></li><li class="alt"><span> List <span class="attribute">list</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">demoService</span><span>.getUsers(); </span></span></li><li><span> if (list != null && list.size() <span class="tag">></span><span> 0) { </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> for (int <span class="attribute">i</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">0</span><span>; i </span><span class="tag"><</span><span> </span><span class="tag-name">list.size</span><span>(); i++) { </span></span></li><li><span> System.out.println(list.get(i)); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> // System.out.println(demoService.hehe()); </span></li><li><span> System.in.read(); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>} </span></li></ol></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><span>调用结果为:</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224152934546" alt=""><br></span></p>
<p><span><span>dubbo管理页面:</span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">这个管理页面还需要部署一个环境的,一开始我还以为是dubbo自带的,找了半天没有找到....</span></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span><span><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224152811531" alt=""><br></span></span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span>应用页面:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224152822062" alt=""></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>提供者页面:</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224153419968" alt=""></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>消费者页面:</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224152829015" alt=""></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>服务页面:</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224152846578" alt=""></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;">测试是否成功,我觉得只要看看状态是否正常,就ok了 ....</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span><span>案例代码下载:<a href="http://download.csdn.net/detail/yiyu1/7116319" target="_blank">http://download.csdn.net/detail/yiyu1/7116319</a><br></span></span></p>
<div class="panelMacro"> </div>
<div class="panelMacro"> </div>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<div id="MySignature" style="display:block;">敏捷测试团队,不再仅仅是在coding之后。而是和研发人员贯穿在需求分析、规格说明、自动化单元测试、自动化验收测试、静态代码分析、技术债等环节中。所以敏捷项目必定在将来效率的趋势下成为主流。</div>
</div>
</div>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://csdnimg.cn/release/phoenix/template/css/htmledit_views-0a60691e80.css">
<div class="htmledit_views">
<h2><a name="t0"></a><span>1. Dubbo是什么?</span></h2>
<p><span>Dubbo是一个分布式服务框架,致力于提供高性能和透明化的RPC远程服务调用方案,以及SOA服务治理方案。简单的说,</span><span><span>dubbo就是个服务框架,如果没有分布式的需求,其实是不需要用的,只有在分布式的时候,才有dubbo这样的分布式服务框架的需求,并且本质上是个服务调用的东东,<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>说白了就是个远程服务调用的分布式框架(告别<span>Web Service模式中的WSdl,以服务者与消费者的方式在dubbo上注册</span>)</strong></span></span></span><br><span>其核心部分包含:</span><br><span>1. 远程通讯: 提供对多种基于长连接的NIO框架抽象封装,包括多种线程模型,序列化,以及“请求-响应”模式的信息交换方式。</span><br><span>2. 集群容错: 提供基于接口方法的透明远程过程调用,包括多协议支持,以及软负载均衡,失败容错,地址路由,动态配置等集群支持。</span><br><span>3. 自动发现: 基于注册中心目录服务,使服务消费方能动态的查找服务提供方,使地址透明,使服务提供方可以平滑增加或减少机器。</span></p>
<h2><a name="t1"></a><a name="t1" target="_blank"></a><span><span>2. Dubbo能做什么?</span></span></h2>
<p><span>1.透明化的远程方法调用,就像调用本地方法一样调用远程方法,只需简单配置,没有任何API侵入。 <br>
2.软负载均衡及容错机制,可在内网替代F5等硬件负载均衡器,降低成本,减少单点。<br>
3. 服务自动注册与发现,不再需要写死服务提供方地址,注册中心基于接口名查询服务提供者的IP地址,并且能够平滑添加或删除服务提供者。<br><br></span><span>Dubbo采用全Spring配置方式,透明化接入应用,对应用没有任何API侵入,只需用Spring加载Dubbo的配置即可,Dubbo基于Spring的Schema扩展进行加载。</span><span><br></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>之前使用Web Service,我想测试接口可以通过模拟消息的方式通过soapui或LR进行功能测试或性能测试。但现在使用Dubbo,接口之间不能直接交互,我尝试通过模拟消费者地址测试,结果不堪入目,再而使用jmeter通过junit进行测试,但还是需要往dubbo上去注册,如果再不给提供源代码的前提下,这个测试用例不好写啊....</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<h2><a name="t2"></a><a name="t2" target="_blank"></a>3. dubbo的架构</h2>
<div><span lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">dubbo</span><span>架构图如下所示:</span></div>
<div> </div>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224140734734" alt=""></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<h4><a name="t3" target="_blank"></a>节点角色说明:</h4>
<p> Provider: 暴露服务的服务提供方。</p>
<p> Consumer: 调用远程服务的服务消费方。</p>
<p> Registry: 服务注册与发现的注册中心。</p>
<p> Monitor: 统计服务的调用次调和调用时间的监控中心。</p>
<p> Container: 服务运行容器。</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>这点我觉得非常好,角色分明,可以根据每个节点角色的状态来确定该服务是否正常。</strong></span></p>
<h4><a name="t4" target="_blank"></a></h4>
<h4><a name="t5" target="_blank"></a>调用关系说明:</h4>
<p><span>0 服务容器负责启动,加载,运行服务提供者。</span></p>
<h4><a name="t6" target="_blank"></a><span>1. 服务提供者在启动时,向注册中心注册自己提供的服务。</span></h4>
<h4><a name="t7" target="_blank"></a><span>2. 服务消费者在启动时,向注册中心订阅自己所需的服务。</span></h4>
<h4><a name="t8" target="_blank"></a><span>3. 注册中心返回服务提供者地址列表给消费者,如果有变更,注册中心将基于长连接推送变更数据给消费者。</span></h4>
<h4><a name="t9" target="_blank"></a><span>4. 服务消费者,从提供者地址列表中,基于软负载均衡算法,选一台提供者进行调用,如果调用失败,再选另一台调用。</span></h4>
<h4><a name="t10" target="_blank"></a><span>5. 服务消费者和提供者,在内存中累计调用次数和调用时间,定时每分钟发送一次统计数据到监控中心。</span></h4>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>dubbo的容错性显而易见,性能方面还没有还得及测,我们系统某页面需要掉5次接口,本来想建议做个缓存,但业务关系不能采纳,还需要研究下dubbo的性能调优问题...</strong></span></p>
<h2><a name="t3"></a><a name="t11" target="_blank"></a>4. dubbo使用方法。</h2>
<p><span>Dubbo采用全Spring配置方式,透明化接入应用,对应用没有任何API侵入,只需用Spring加载Dubbo的配置即可,Dubbo基于Spring的Schema扩展进行加载。</span><span>如果不想使用Spring配置,而希望通过API的方式进行调用(不推荐)</span></p>
<p><span>下面我们就来看看spring配置方式的写法:</span></p>
<h4><a name="t12" target="_blank"></a>服务提供者:</h4>
<p><span>1. 下载zookeeper注册中心,下载地址:<a href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/zookeeper/" target="_blank"><span>http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/zookeeper/</span></a> 下载后解压即可,进入D:\apach-zookeeper-3.4.5\bin,</span></p>
<p><span>双击zkServer.cmd启动注册中心服务。</span></p>
<h4><a name="t13" target="_blank"></a><span>2. 定义服务接口: (该接口需单独打包,在服务提供方和消费方共享)</span></h4>
<p> </p>
<p> <strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">下面这个例子不错,写的很详细可以做个model.</span></strong></p>
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_html">
<ol class="dp-xml" start="1"><li class="alt"><span><span>package com.unj.dubbotest.provider; </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import java.util.List; </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>public interface DemoService { </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> String sayHello(String name); </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> public List getUsers(); </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>} </span></li></ol></div>
<p><br><span>在服务提供方实现接口:(对服务消费方隐藏实现)</span></p>
<p><span style="line-height:1.5;"> </span></p>
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_html">
<ol class="dp-xml" start="1"><li class="alt"><span><span>package com.unj.dubbotest.provider; </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import java.util.ArrayList; </span></li><li><span>import java.util.LinkedList; </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import java.util.List; </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span>public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService{ </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> public String sayHello(String name) { </span></li><li class="alt"><span> return "Hello " + name; </span></li><li><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> public List getUsers() { </span></li><li><span> List <span class="attribute">list</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> ArrayList(); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> User <span class="attribute">u1</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> User(); </span></span></li><li><span> u1.setName("jack"); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> u1.setAge(20); </span></li><li><span> u1.setSex("男"); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> User <span class="attribute">u2</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> User(); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> u2.setName("tom"); </span></li><li><span> u2.setAge(21); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> u2.setSex("女"); </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> User <span class="attribute">u3</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> User(); </span></span></li><li><span> u3.setName("rose"); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> u3.setAge(19); </span></li><li><span> u3.setSex("女"); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> list.add(u1); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> list.add(u2); </span></li><li><span> list.add(u3); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> return list; </span></li><li><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span>} </span></li></ol></div>
<p> </p>
<div class="panelMacro">用Spring配置声明暴露服务:</div>
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_html">
<ol class="dp-xml" start="1"><li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><?</span><span class="tag-name">xml</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">version</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"1.0"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">encoding</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"UTF-8"</span><span class="tag">?></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">beans</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">xmlns</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">xmlns:xsi</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="attribute">xmlns:dubbo</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span>="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans </span></span></li><li><span> http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd </span></li><li class="alt"><span> http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo </span></li><li><span> http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd </span></li><li class="alt"><span> "<span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 具体的实现bean --></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">bean</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"demoService"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">class</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoServiceImpl"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 提供方应用信息,用于计算依赖关系 --></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:application</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"xixi_provider"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <!-- 使用multicast广播注册中心暴露服务地址 </span></li><li><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:registry</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">address</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"multicast://224.5.6.7:1234"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span>--</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 --></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:registry</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">address</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 --></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:protocol</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"dubbo"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">port</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"20880"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 --></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:service</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">interface</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">ref</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"demoService"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"></</span><span class="tag-name">beans</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li></ol></div>
<div class="panelMacro">加载Spring配置,启动服务:</div>
<div class="panelMacro">
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_html">
<ol class="dp-xml" start="1"><li class="alt"><span><span>package com.unj.dubbotest.provider; </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>public class Provider { </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { </span></li><li><span> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext <span class="attribute">context</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"applicationContext.xml"}); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> context.start(); </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> System.in.read(); // 为保证服务一直开着,利用输入流的阻塞来模拟 </span></li><li><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span>} </span></li></ol></div>
<br><h4><a name="t14" target="_blank"></a>服务消费者:</h4>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"> applicationContext-dubbo.xml 中注册自己需要调用的接口,我刚开始测试的时候需要的接口很多,所以把这个文件写的满满的,后来熟悉了把接口按业务类型分开,写了N多个<strong><span> applicationContext-dubbo-***.xml 简练多了 》。 </span></strong></span></strong></p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<div class="panelMacro"><span>1.通过Spring配置引用远程服务:</span>
<div class="panelMacro">
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_html">
<ol class="dp-xml" start="1"><li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><?</span><span class="tag-name">xml</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">version</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"1.0"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">encoding</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"UTF-8"</span><span class="tag">?></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">beans</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">xmlns</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">xmlns:xsi</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">xmlns:dubbo</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="attribute">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span>="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd </span></li><li><span> http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo </span></li><li class="alt"><span> http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd </span></li><li><span> "<span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 消费方应用名,用于计算依赖关系,不是匹配条件,不要与提供方一样 --></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:application</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"hehe_consumer"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 --></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="comments"><!-- <dubbo:registry address="multicast://224.5.6.7:1234" /> --></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:registry</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">address</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comments"><!-- 生成远程服务代理,可以像使用本地bean一样使用demoService --></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">dubbo:reference</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"demoService"</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">interface</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService"</span><span> </span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"></</span><span class="tag-name">beans</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li></ol></div>
<br><div class="panelMacro"><span>2.加载Spring配置,并调用远程服务:</span></div>
<div class="panelMacro">
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_html">
<ol class="dp-xml" start="1"><li class="alt"><span><span>package com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.pp; </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import java.util.List; </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>import com.unj.dubbotest.provider.DemoService; </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>public class Consumer { </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { </span></li><li><span> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext <span class="attribute">context</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" }); </span></li><li><span> context.start(); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> DemoService <span class="attribute">demoService</span><span> = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoService"); // </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> String <span class="attribute">hello</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">demoService</span><span>.sayHello("tom"); // ִ </span></span></li><li><span> System.out.println(hello); // </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span> // </span></li><li class="alt"><span> List <span class="attribute">list</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">demoService</span><span>.getUsers(); </span></span></li><li><span> if (list != null && list.size() <span class="tag">></span><span> 0) { </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> for (int <span class="attribute">i</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">0</span><span>; i </span><span class="tag"><</span><span> </span><span class="tag-name">list.size</span><span>(); i++) { </span></span></li><li><span> System.out.println(list.get(i)); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> // System.out.println(demoService.hehe()); </span></li><li><span> System.in.read(); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>} </span></li></ol></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><span>调用结果为:</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224152934546" alt=""><br></span></p>
<p><span><span>dubbo管理页面:</span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">这个管理页面还需要部署一个环境的,一开始我还以为是dubbo自带的,找了半天没有找到....</span></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span><span><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224152811531" alt=""><br></span></span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span>应用页面:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224152822062" alt=""></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>提供者页面:</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224153419968" alt=""></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>消费者页面:</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224152829015" alt=""></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>服务页面:</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131224152846578" alt=""></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;">测试是否成功,我觉得只要看看状态是否正常,就ok了 ....</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span><span>案例代码下载:<a href="http://download.csdn.net/detail/yiyu1/7116319" target="_blank">http://download.csdn.net/detail/yiyu1/7116319</a><br></span></span></p>
<div class="panelMacro"> </div>
<div class="panelMacro"> </div>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<div id="MySignature" style="display:block;">敏捷测试团队,不再仅仅是在coding之后。而是和研发人员贯穿在需求分析、规格说明、自动化单元测试、自动化验收测试、静态代码分析、技术债等环节中。所以敏捷项目必定在将来效率的趋势下成为主流。</div>
</div>
</div>