一、Hystrix简介
Hystrix(https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix)是Netflix(https://www.netflix.com/global)的一个开源项目,Hystrix是Spring Cloud提供的一种带有熔断机制的框架,由于在微服务系统中同一个操作会由多个不同的微服务来共同完成,所以微服务与微服务之间会由很多相互的调用,由于在分布式环境中经常会出现某个微服务节点故障的情况,所以会由调用失败发生,而熔断器的作用就是当出现远程调用失败的时候提供一种机制来保证程序的正常运行而不会卡死在某一次调用,类似Java程序中的try-catch结构,而只有当异常发生的时候才会进入catch的代码块。
二、简单入门(这里的示例都是基于 Spring Boot父工程的)
1、我们还是要有一个Eureka的服务工程 springcloud-deepeureka
pom.xml依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.com.qihang.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-deepeureka</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>springcloud-deepeureka</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!--spring cloud依赖管理-->
<!-- 引入spring cloud的依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Edgware.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class DeppEurekaApplication
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
SpringApplication.run(DeppEurekaApplication.class, args);
}
}
application.yml配置
server:
port: 8081
eureka:
client:
registerWithEureka: false
fetchRegistry: false
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8081/eureka/
2、新创建一个 Hystrix 测试项目 springcloud-hystrix
pom.xml 依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.com.qihang.hystrix</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-hystrix</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>springcloud-hystrix</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath />
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Edgware.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
对象数据
public class User {
private Long id;
private String username;
private String name;
private Short age;
private BigDecimal balance;
public Long getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return this.username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Short getAge() {
return this.age;
}
public void setAge(Short age) {
this.age = age;
}
public BigDecimal getBalance() {
return this.balance;
}
public void setBalance(BigDecimal balance) {
this.balance = balance;
}
}
使用Hystrix调用类 :调用方法添加注解 @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = “fallbackUser”);新写一个对应的方法
@RestController
public class HystrixController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallbackUser")
public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://springcloud-user/simple/" + id, User.class);
}
public User fallbackUser(Long id) {
User user = new User();
user.setId(0l);
return user;
}
}
启动类 :注意添加注解 @EnableHystrix
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableHystrix
public class HysitrixApplication {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HysitrixApplication.class, args);
}
}
项目结构
3、创建一个数据提供服务项目
4、依次启动项目测试
Eureka服务注册项目;Hystrix项目;user数据提供项目
5、访问测试结果
监控访问
访问 Hystrix请求 :第一次有时会出现超时触发fallback即调用注解指定的方法 @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = “fallbackUser”) ;
fallback的调用不是一定会触发的,hystrix默认超时时长是1000毫秒
可以配置超时时长:
port: 8010
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-hystrix
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8081/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
hystrix:
command:
default: #default全局有效,service id指定应用有效
execution:
timeout:
#如果enabled设置为false,则请求超时交给ribbon控制,为true,则超时作为熔断根据
enabled: true
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 5000 #断路器超时时间,默认1000ms
再次重启访问会直接获取到数据
这样我们的Hystrix的入门就实现了