ListView日常笔记

• listView日常笔记

  一.listView的简单用法
  二.自定义适配器        
  三.listView的优化
  

1.listView的简单用法

在布局文件中加入listView空间,代码如下:

  <ListView
                android:id="@+id/list_view"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent">

            </ListView>

MainActivity中的代码

        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //数组中的数据是无法直接传递给ListView的，需要记住适配器来完成
        //一个参数为上下文context对象,第一个参数是listview的子布局Id,这里我们使用的是内置的布局文件,
        //可用于显示简单的文字,第三个参数是数据
        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this,
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data);

        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        //将构建好的适配器对象传递进去,listview和数据之间的关联就建立好了
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);

       }

2.自定义适配器，定制listView的界面

1.定义一个实体类

package com.caobo.listviewtest;
        public class Fruit {
            private String name;
            private int imageId;


            public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
                this.name = name;
                this.imageId = imageId;
            }

            public String getName() {
                return name;
            }

            public int getImageId() {
                return imageId;
            }
        }

2.创建子布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
            <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                          android:layout_width="match_parent"
                          android:layout_height="match_parent">

                <ImageView
                    android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    />
                <!--只有其右边没有同级子控件的时候,设置layout_marginRight
             * 才是相对于父控件的最右边而言的-->

                <TextView
                    android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    android:layout_gravity="center"
                    android:layout_marginLeft="10dip"


                    />

            </LinearLayout>

3.自定义适配器

package com.caobo.listviewtest;

                import android.content.Context;
                import android.view.LayoutInflater;
                import android.view.View;
                import android.view.ViewGroup;
                import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
                import android.widget.ImageView;
                import android.widget.TextView;

                import java.util.List;


                public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
                    private int resourceId;

                    //重写构造函数，将上下文，子项布局Id,数据传递进来
                    public FruitAdapter(Context context,int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects) {
                        super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);
                        resourceId=textViewResourceId;
                    }

                    //重写getview方法

                    @Override
                    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
                        //获取当前fruit实例
                        Fruit fruit = getItem(position);
                        //inflate的两个参数分别是要加载的布局文件的id，和添加一个父布局
                        //加一个判断，如果converView不为空，那么就直接使用，提高了运行效率，不用每一次都加载布局，convertView是缓存
                        View view;
                        ViewHolder viewHolder;

                        if (convertView==null) {
                            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,null);
                            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
                            //将控件加载然后放到viewholder对象中
                            viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
                            viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
                            view.setTag(viewHolder);//将viewHolder对象存储在view中
                        } else {
                            view = convertView;
                            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();//重新获取viewholder
                        }
                        //优化
                        /*ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
                        TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);

                        fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
                        fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());*/

                        viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
                        viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());

                        return view;
                    }

                    //获取控件实例,自定义
                    class ViewHolder{
                        ImageView fruitImage;
                        TextView fruitName;
                    }

                }

4.活动中代码怎么写

package com.caobo.listviewtest;

                import android.app.Activity;
                import android.os.Bundle;
                import android.view.View;
                import android.widget.AdapterView;
                import android.widget.Toast;

                import java.util.ArrayList;
                import java.util.List;

                public class MainActivity extends Activity {
                   /* private String[] data = {"Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermelon","Pear",
                    "Grape","Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango","caobo","mengmeng",
                    "caozhi","xiaohuo","zhangpeng","fahter","mother"};*/

                    private List<Fruit> mFruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();


                    @Override
                    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
                        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
                        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
                        //数组中的数据是无法直接传递给ListView的，需要记住适配器来完成
                        //一个参数为上下文context对象,第一个参数是listview的子布局Id,这里我们使用的是内置的布局文件,
                        //可用于显示简单的文字,第三个参数是数据
                       /* ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this,
                                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data);

                        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
                        //将构建好的适配器对象传递进去,listview和数据之间的关联就建立好了
                        listView.setAdapter(adapter);*/

                        //自定义的listview
                        //初始化水果
                        initFruits();

                        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item, mFruitList);
                        ReFlashListView listView = (ReFlashListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
                        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
                        //创建一个监听器
                        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
                            //点击listview中的任何一个子项都会回调这个方法，同position获取到位置是哪一个子项
                            //我自定义的有一个Header，所以位置会错误.去掉即可
                            @Override
                            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position, long id) {
                                Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
                                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            }
                        });

                    }

                    private  void  initFruits(){
                        //Apple是显示在列表中的名字
                        Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple", R.drawable.apple);
                        mFruitList.add(apple);
                        Fruit banana = new Fruit("Banana",R.drawable.banana);
                        mFruitList.add(banana);
                        Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange);
                        mFruitList.add(orange);
                        Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon);
                        mFruitList.add(watermelon);
                        Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear);
                        mFruitList.add(pear);
                        Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape);
                        mFruitList.add(grape);
                        Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pine);
                        mFruitList.add(pineapple);
                        Fruit starwberry = new Fruit("Starwberry",R.drawable.star);
                        mFruitList.add(starwberry);
                        Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.erryy);
                        mFruitList.add(cherry);
                        /*Fruit mange = new Fruit("Mange",R.drawable.mango);
                        mFruitList.add(mange);*/
                    }
                }

3.优化listView效率

重点看getView中和上面的自定义适配器的区别，数组不一样，没更改,子布局也是

public class msgAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Msg> {

            private int resourceId;

            public msgAdapter(Context context,int textViewResourceId, List<Msg> objects) {
                super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);
                resourceId=textViewResourceId;
            }

            @Override
            public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
                //获取实例
                Msg msg = getItem(position);
                View view;
                ViewHolder viewHolder;
                if (convertView == null) {
                    //如果converView缓存为空则重新加载布局
                    view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null);
                    //将加载的布局全部放入viewHolder中
                    viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
                    viewHolder.leftLayout = (LinearLayout) view.findViewById(R.id.left_layout);
                    viewHolder.rightLayout = (LinearLayout) view.findViewById(R.id.right_layout);
                    viewHolder.leftMsg = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.left_msg);
                    viewHolder.rightMsg = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.right_msg);
                    //把holder对象放入view中
                    view.setTag(viewHolder);
                } else {
                    //如果缓存不为空,直接使用,并去除viewholder
                    view=convertView;
                    viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
                }
                //增加对消息类型的判断
                if (msg.getType()==Msg.TYPE_RECEVIED){
                    //如果是收到消息，则显示左边的消息布局，将右边的消息布局隐藏
                    viewHolder.leftLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                    viewHolder.rightLayout.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                    viewHolder.leftMsg.setText(msg.getContent());
                }else {
                    viewHolder.rightLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                    viewHolder.leftLayout.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                    viewHolder.rightMsg.setText(msg.getContent());
                }


                return view;

            }

            class ViewHolder{
                //这里是listview的子布局控件
                LinearLayout leftLayout;

                LinearLayout rightLayout;

                TextView leftMsg;

                TextView rightMsg;
            }
  }

运行图如下