以下内容转载于
在此权作为笔记
SpringDate简介
Spring Data是什么
Spring Data是一个用于简化数据库访问,并支持云服务的开源框架。其主要目标是使得对数据的访问变得方便快捷
Spring Data JPA能干什么
可以极大的简化JPA的写法,可以在几乎不用写实现的情况下,实现对数据的访问和操作。除了CRUD外,还包括如分页、排序等一些常用的功能。
Spring Data JPA 有什么
主要来看看Spring Data JPA提供的接口,也是Spring Data JPA的核心概念:
1:Repository:最顶层的接口,是一个空的接口,目的是为了统一所有Repository的类型,且能让组件扫描的时候自动识别。
2:CrudRepository :是Repository的子接口,提供CRUD的功能
3:PagingAndSortingRepository:是CrudRepository的子接口,添加分页和排序的功能
4:JpaRepository:是PagingAndSortingRepository的子接口,增加了一些实用的功能,比如:批量操作等。
5:JpaSpecificationExecutor:用来做负责查询的接口
6:Specification:是Spring Data JPA提供的一个查询规范,要做复杂的查询,只需围绕这个规范来设置查询条件即可
特征
- 强大的存储库和自定义对象映射抽象
- 从存储库方法名称中进行动态查询导出
- 实现域基类提供基本属性
- 支持透明审核(创建,最后更改)
- 集成自定义存储库代码的可能性
- Easy Spring通过JavaConfig和自定义XML命名空间进行集成
- 与Spring MVC控制器进行高级集成
搭建SpringData开发环境
导入依赖
pom.xml文件
<!--Mysql 驱动包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.38</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.data/spring-data-jpa -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.11.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-entitymanager -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>5.2.9.Final</version>
</dependency>
配置spring文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<!--配置数据源-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///springdata"/>
</bean>
<!--配置EntityManagerFactory-->
<bean id = "entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>
</property>
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.wzw.springdata"/>
<property name="jpaProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--3 配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--4 配置支持注解的事务-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<!--5 配置spring data-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.wzw.springdata" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.wzw.springdata"/>
</beans>
创建test类
public class SpringDataTest {
private ApplicationContext ac = null;
@Before
public void setUp() {
ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
System.out.println("start");
}
/**
* 拆卸
*/
@After
public void tearDown() {
ac = null;
System.out.println("tearDown");
}
@Test
public void testEntityManagerFactory() {
}
}
SpringData_Hello
创建实体类
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
@GeneratedValue
@Id
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Column(length = 20)
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
创建EmployeeRepository接口继承Repository
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;
import com.wzw.springdata.model.Employee;
public interface EmployeeRepository extends Repository<Employee,Integer> {
public Employee getEmployeeById(Integer id);
}
编写测试方法
@Test
public void fun1() {
System.out.println("1: " + er);
Employee employee = er.getEmployeeById(1);
System.out.println("2: " + employee);
}
注解方式定义Repository接口
@RepositoryDefinition(domainClass = Employee.class, idClass = Integer.class)
public interface EmployeeRepository2 {
Employee getEmployeeByName(String name);
}
Repository类的定义:
public interface Repository<T, ID extends Serializable> {
}
- Repository是一个空接口,标记接口。没有包含方法声明的接口
- 如果我们定义的接口EmployeeRepository extends Repository
- 如果我们自己的接口没有extends Repository,运行时会报错:
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springdata.repository.EmployeeRepository' available