Future
一、
package com.android.arthogritybrary;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
public class RealData implements Callable<String> {
private String para;
public RealData(String para) {
this.para = para;
}
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(para);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
stringBuffer.append(i);
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return stringBuffer.toString();
}
}
package com.android.arthogritybrary;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
//zsg
/**
* Future模式是多线程开发中非常常见的一种设计模式,它的核心思想是异步调用。
* 当我们需要调用一个函数时,如果这个函数执行得很慢,那么我们就要等待。
* 但有时候,我们可能并不急着要结果。因此,我们可以让被调者立即返回,让它在后台慢慢处理这个请求。
* 对于调用者来说,则可以先处理一些其他任务,在真正需要数据的场合再去尝试获得需要的数据。
*
* 立即返回的相当于网购订单,真实的商品会在一段耗时之后完成,在这期间你可以做其他任务。
*/
public class FutureMain {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//zsg 这里尖括号里的类型就说明了 提交的任务返回的是什么类型
FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<String>(new RealData("a"));
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
//提交任务执行RealData里的call方法
threadPool.submit(futureTask);
System.out.println("请求完成");
try {
//zsg 假设在做其他任务
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//如果call方法还没执行完会阻塞
System.out.println("数据= "+futureTask.get());
}
}
二、Futurelistener 任务完成了可以通知你
package com.android.arthogritybrary;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningExecutorService;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* 在JDK自带的简单Future模式中,虽然我们可以使用future.get()方法得到Future的处理结果,
* 但是这个方法是阻塞的,因此并不利于我们开发高并发应用程序。
* 在Guava中,增强了Future模式,增加了对Future完成时的回调接口,
* 使得Future执行完成时可以自动通知应用程序进行后续处理
*/
public class Futurelistener {
private ListenableFuture<String> future;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//zsg 这里和之前比就是ListeningExecutorService帮你在内部包装好了,返回一个开始执行了的ListenableFuture
//而之前是自己手动创建一个FutureTask 包裹任务 然后交给线程执行
//MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator()方法将一个普通的线程池包装为一个包含通知功能的Future线程池
//这样和 在方法里传入对象参数,在方法体中操作线程,完成后回调 很像.但是这个会阻塞主线程么? 不会
ListeningExecutorService service = MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10));
ListenableFuture<String> futureTask = service.submit(new RealData("x"));
futureTask.addListener(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("异步处理成功:");
try {
System.out.println(futureTask.get());
} catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},MoreExecutors.directExecutor());
System.out.println("main task done...");
Thread.sleep(3000);
}
}
//zsg 添加guava依赖
compile group: 'com.google.guava', name: 'guava', version: '20.0'
package com.android.arthogritybrary;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.FutureCallback;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningExecutorService;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class Futurelistener1 {
private ListenableFuture<String> future;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//增加了对异常的处理
ListeningExecutorService service = MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10));
ListenableFuture<String> futureTask = service.submit(new RealData("y"));
Futures.addCallback(futureTask, new FutureCallback<String>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(String result) {
System.out.println("异步处理成功,result = "+result);
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Throwable t) {
System.out.println("异步处理失败,e = "+t);
}
},MoreExecutors.newDirectExecutorService());
System.out.println("main task done...");
Thread.sleep(3000);
}
}
三、增强的Future:CompletableFuture
package com.android.arthogritybrary;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
/**
* CompletableFuture和Future一样,可以作为函数调用的契约。
* 向CompletableFuture请求一个数据,如果数据还没有准备好,请求线程就会等待。
* 让人惊喜的是,我们可以手动设置CompletableFuture的完成状态
*/
public class AskThread implements Runnable {
CompletableFuture<Integer> re = null;
public AskThread(CompletableFuture<Integer> re) {
this.re = re;
}
@Override
public void run() {
int myRe = 0;
try {
myRe = re.get() * re.get();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(myRe);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
new Thread (new AskThread(completableFuture)).start();
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//可以手动告知完成状态
completableFuture.complete(60);
}
}
四、异步执行任务
package com.android.arthogritybrary;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
public class AsyncCompletableF {
public static Integer calc(Integer para) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return para * para;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//zsg 在supplyAsync()方法中,它会在一个新的线程中,执行传入的参数
//supplyAsync()方法会立即返回,它返回的CompletableFuture对象实例就可以作为这次调用的契约
//zsg 这里就是在里面封装了一个异步线程,这样就不用自己去创建线程执行了
CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer get() {
return calc(50);
}
});
System.out.println(completableFuture.get());
}
}
五、流式调用
package com.android.arthogritybrary;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
public class CompletionStageStream {
public static Integer calc(Integer para) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return para * para;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//CompletionStage流式API调用
CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calc(50))
.thenApply((i) -> Integer.toString(i))
.thenApply((str) -> "\"" + str + "\"")
.thenAccept(System.out::println);
//目的是等待calc()方法执行完成
completableFuture.get();
}
}
六、CompletableFuture中的异常处理
package com.android.arthogritybrary;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
public class CompletableFutureE {
public static Integer calc(Integer para) {
return para / 0;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calc(50))
//zsg
.exceptionally(ex -> {
System.out.println(ex.toString());
return 0;
}).thenApply((i) -> Integer.toString(i))
.thenApply((str) -> "\"" + str + "\"")
.thenAccept(System.out::println);
completableFuture.get();
}
}
七、组合多个CompletableFuture
package com.android.arthogritybrary;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
public class MutiCompletableF {
public static Integer calc(Integer para) {
return para / 2;
}
//zsg 可以理解为一个串行,一个并行
/* public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calc(50))
//zsg
.thenCompose((i) -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calc(i)))
.thenApply((str) -> "\"" + str + "\"")
.thenAccept(System.out::println);
completableFuture.get();
}*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calc(50));
CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calc(25));
//zsg
CompletableFuture<Void> future = completableFuture.thenCombine(completableFuture2, (i, j) -> (i + j))
.thenApply((str) -> "\"" + str + "\"")
.thenAccept(System.out::println);
future.get();
}
}
八、支持timeout的CompletableFuture
package com.android.arthogritybrary;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class CompletableFutureT {
public static Integer calc(Integer para) {
return para / 2;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return calc(50);
//zsg orTimeout 和 compileSdkVersion 有关 31以上
}).orTimeout(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS).exceptionally(e -> {
System.out.println(e);
return 0;
}).thenAccept(System.out::println);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}