Linux下安装Mysql5.7.x数据库

1、下载tar包，这里使用wget从官网下载

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

或者官网 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
直接执行wget命令较为快速简洁，推荐
2.检查库文件是否存在，如有删除。

[root@localhost Desktop]$ rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.52.x86_64 --nodeps

3.检查mysql组和用户是否存在，如无创建。

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
mysql: x :490:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
mysql: x :496:490::/home/mysql:/bin/bash

以上为默认存在的情况，如无，执行添加命令：
mysql用户组

[root@localhost ~]#groupadd mysql

mysql用户

[root@localhost ~]#useradd -r -g mysql mysql

//useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户，不可用于登录系统。

4、将mysql安装到/usr/local/mysql

解压

tar -xvf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

移动

mv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/

重命名

mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

5、新建data目录

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

6、将/usr/local/mysql的所有者及所属组改为mysql

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

7、配置

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data （过时）

如果出现以下错误：

2018-07-14 06:40:32 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2018-07-14 06:40:32 [ERROR]   Child process: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldterminated prematurely with errno= 32
2018-07-14 06:40:32 [ERROR]   Failed to execute /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --bootstrap --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --lc-messages-dir=/usr/local/mysql/share --lc-messages=en_US --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
-- server log begin --

-- server log end --

则使用以下命令：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

如果出现以下错误：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

则执行以下命令：

yum install libaio

完成后继续安装：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

会获得一个临时密码，保存：

2019-08-20T03:46:17.272795Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit
DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use
–explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2019-08-20T03:46:18.300040Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log
files created, LSN=45790 2019-08-20T03:46:18.436267Z 0 [Warning]
InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-08-20T03:46:18.501483Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been
found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has
been started. Generating a new UUID:
115825dc-c2fd-11e9-9e3f-00163e0216e0. 2019-08-20T03:46:18.504893Z 0
[Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table
‘mysql.gtid_executed’ cannot be opened. 2019-08-20T03:46:18.505423Z 1
[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost:
YIYP1UElsa!s

编辑/etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
user=mysql
port=3306
character-set-server=utf8
# 取消密码验证
skip-grant-tables
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# skip-grant-tables
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

8、开启服务

将mysql加入服务

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

开机自启

chkconfig mysql on

开启

service mysql start

9、设置密码

登录（由于/etc/my.cnf中设置了取消密码验证，所以此处密码任意）

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

操作mysql数据库

>>use mysql;

修改密码

>>update user set authentication_string=password('你的密码') where user='root';

>>flush privileges;

>>exit;

10、将/etc/my.cnf中的skip-grant-tables删除

11、登录再次设置密码（不再次设置密码就操作不了数据库，password_expired值为Y）
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 

>>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '修改后的密码';

12、允许远程连接

>>use mysql;

>>update user set host='%' where user = 'root';

>>flush privileges;

>>eixt;

13、添加快捷方式

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin

14、mysql其他操作

停止mysql服务

1、使用 service 启动：service mysql stop
2、使用 mysqld 脚本启动：/etc/inint.d/mysql stop
3、mysqladmin shutdown

重启mysql服务

1、使用 service 启动：service mysql restart
2、使用 mysqld 脚本启动：/etc/inint.d/mysql restart

启动mysql服务

1、使用 service 启动：service mysql start
2、使用 mysqld 脚本启动：/etc/inint.d/mysql start
3、使用 safe_mysqld 启动：safe_mysql&

查看mysql状态

>>mysql