联合索引中 索引建立在离散度大的字段上面
离散度指利用COUNT(DISTINCT ..)获取字段的唯一值,唯一值越多的离散度越大
索引的优化----重复及冗余索引
重复索引:指相同的列以相同的顺序建立的同类型的索引,如下表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test(
id SMALLINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
UNIQUE(id)
)ENGINE=INNODB;
冗余索引:指多个索引的前缀列相同,或是在联合索引中包含了主键的索引,如下表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test(
id SMALLINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
KEY(name,id)
)ENGINE=INNODB;
如何发现数据库中的重复和冗余索引
1.进入MySQL自带的information_schema-----use information_schema;
2.执行如下SQL语句
SELECT a.TABLE_SCHEMA AS '数据库名',a.TABLE_NAME AS '表名',a.INDEX_NAME AS '索引一',b.INDEX_NAME
AS '索引二',a.COLUMN_NAME AS '重复列名' FROM STATISTICS AS a
JOIN STATISTICS AS b ON a.TABLE_SCHEMA = b.TABLE_SCHEMA AND a.TABLE_NAME = b.TABLE_NAME
AND a.COLUMN_NAME = b.COLUMN_NAME AND a.SEQ_IN_INDEX = b.SEQ_IN_INDEX
WHERE a.SEQ_IN_INDEX = 1 AND a.INDEX_NAME <>b.INDEX_NAME;