基于单层决策树构建弱分类器 boosting分类

#coding=utf-8
import re
from numpy import *
def load_data(file_name):
    open_file=open(file_name)
    read=open_file.readlines()
    data=re.split(pattern='!',string=read[0],maxsplit=0)
    a=[]
    s=[]
    for i in data:
        try:
            d1=re.split(pattern=', ',string=i,maxsplit=0)
            d0=re.split(pattern="\[",string=d1[0],maxsplit=0)
            d2=re.split(pattern=']',string=d1[2],maxsplit=0)
            l=[float(d0[1]),float(d1[1])]#生产样本数据没生成好。。。。。所以把样本格式化麻烦点
            a.append(l)
            s.append(int(d2[0]))
        except:
            pass
    data=a
    label=s
    return data,label

#data,label=load_data('testdata.txt')
#import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#看样本的散点图
#x1=[];y1=[]
#x2=[];y2=[]
#m=shape(mat(data))[0]
#for i in range(m):
 #   if int(label[i])==1:
  #      x1.append(data[i][0]);y1.append(data[i][1])
   # else:
    #    x2.append(data[i][0]);y2.append(data[i][1])
#fig=plt.figure()
#ax=fig.add_subplot(111)
#ax.scatter(x1,y1,c='red')
#ax.scatter(x2,y2,c='blue')
#plt.show()
def stump_classify(data_matrix,i,threshold_value,make):
    #以阈值来判断类别,每两次判断中阈值是固定的。
    #可以理解为在阈值固定的情况下,都尝试一下。
    #即大于阈值为-1类或者小于阈值为-1类。
    #从而得出判定结果再计算错误率,最终选择错误率最低的作为树状。
    best_result=ones((shape(data_matrix)[0],1))
    #初始一个最佳分类结果
    if make=='lt':
        #小于
        best_result[data_matrix[:,i]<=threshold_value]=-1.0
        #将ret_array中判断为真的位置的值改为-1.
    else:
        #大于
        best_result[data_matrix[:,i]>threshold_value]=-1.0
        #同上
    return best_result

def build_stump(data_arr,class_label,d):
    #1.循环每个特征向量
    #2.用此特征向量计算出j个阈值
    #3.比较以各阈值划分数据得到结果的错误率
    #4.选个最小错误率的划分方法当树桩
    data_matrix=mat(data_arr);label_matrix=mat(class_label).T
    #矩阵化
    m,n=shape(data_matrix)
    num_steps=10.0;best_stump={};best_result=mat(zeros((m,1)))
    #步数10;最佳树;最佳分类
    min_error=inf
    #定义min_error为正无穷;-inf为负无穷
    for i in range(n):
        #遍历列数,即遍历特征。样本有两个特征所以遍历两次。i取0 or 1.
        range_min=data_matrix[:,i].min();range_max=data_matrix[:,i].max()
        #取第i列中的最小值与最大值。用来确定路程
        step_size=(range_max-range_min)/num_steps
        #计算步幅,每步的长度
        for j in range(-1,int(num_steps)+1):
            #循环12次,预定步数是10次
            for make in ['lt','gt']:
                #小于 ,大于
                threshold_value=(range_min+float(j)*step_size)
                #此算法中最主要的步骤
                #阈值=最小值+步数(j)*步幅,第一个值为负,逐步提高阈值。
                predicted_value=stump_classify(data_matrix,i,threshold_value,make)
                #预测值
                err_arr=mat(ones((m,1)))
                #初始化一个错误列表。默认全为1
                err_arr[predicted_value==label_matrix]=0
                #如果预测值等于实际值则是其位置为0
                weighted_error=d.T*err_arr
                #加权错误率,越小分类越正确
                print 'split:feature %d,thresh %.2f,thresh ineqal:%s,the weighted error is %.3f'%(i,threshold_value,make,weighted_error)
                if weighted_error<min_error:
                    #上面的for 循环两次
                    #1.怎样都是成立的,并对min_error进行赋值
                    #2.第二次循环得出的weighted_error总比第一次小
                    min_error=weighted_error
                    
                    best_result=predicted_value.copy()
                    best_stump['feature']=i#最佳分类特征
                    best_stump['threshold']=threshold_value#最佳阈值
                    best_stump['make']=make#最佳判定符号。。即使大于阈值算-1类还是小于阈值算-1类
    return best_stump,min_error,best_result
    #在预定的步数下
    #返回的是最佳树桩,最小的错误率(小数形式),最佳的分类结果
def test():
    data,label=load_data('testdata.txt')
    d=mat(ones((400,1))/400)
    #这个d值是用来计算权重。建议形式为d=mat(ones((m,1))/m),m是数据的行数
    #这样得到的结果基本都是小于1 的。
    best_stump,min_error,best_result=build_stump(data,label,d)
    print best_stump,min_error,best_result
test()



数据样本:

[2.4411327231088444, 8.358493780175225, 1]![6.052323244599178, 2.692240124380242, 1]![2.4114982557913422, 0.5810921425446891, 1]![1.2720779092479262, 9.771971047111453, 1]![9.127202784730354, 8.345129466835488, 1]![2.9543498901891763, 4.5039045237581155, 1]![3.1877871555561175, 2.0074464702707595, 1]![1.3663054838454936, 5.569954031533153, 1]![9.314963271999813, 8.891301430743777, 1]![6.913108605168162, 9.502389510083516, 1]![6.24846122894977, 5.9159445486457685, 1]![3.4281996650663595, 9.797557755640106, 1]![2.1097919987810867, 8.466818199428419, 1]![1.3462305672919117, 5.02603385856786, 1]![1.648043040199344, 7.830745844390227, 1]![1.1706064363543744, 4.792228340913026, 1]![0.9030665541300131, 4.566572381052845, 1]![5.405806332370309, 0.7001105239420569, 1]![0.39305033753526786, 2.1445004973863435, 1]![0.5327526929453175, 5.684837369437448, 1]![7.304258966283129, 6.445518012191184, 1]![7.8831856379326535, 1.2704382127732772, 1]![1.0361488172908684, 3.2972339425439467, 1]![2.24549625567486, 8.606485693859893, 1]![1.7805423251096908, 3.031158858629266, 1]![6.791916679850846, 9.095039287992286, 1]![4.867621825087878, 7.090440456959985, 1]![3.9334763716717225, 0.8740495395210712, 1]![9.683543424077305, 1.9411628412157744, 1]![4.480873583360644, 5.223329233438193, 1]![8.888342780382594, 0.7166776935965358, 1]![6.3449886878500585, 7.2408346737838105, 1]![5.031054570330532, 3.86606408252041, 1]![4.62296733177088, 0.6179746355075177, 1]![1.0574804690372586, 5.767978417690232, 1]![2.459329416428877, 5.423781339637354, 1]![4.99123424281065, 0.07236767410660039, 1]![9.519441688510138, 4.251068832116589, 1]![6.619622688372391, 7.654474551889592, 1]![5.849717362532804, 3.3375871132666965, 1]![4.7214139134381, 2.997077886876993, 1]![7.776473770342234, 4.84149069038378, 1]![4.213472699277277, 5.671265406366203, 1]![8.435383763408524, 5.296127107058156, 1]![1.4476624322378318, 6.148313723984687, 1]![5.224065726951594, 6.2009135389837455, 1]![4.993306635591423, 3.812165615536326, 1]![7.444709199000633, 4.892483139682312, 1]![8.347357345892483, 4.993151607465603, 1]![9.453874445858188, 8.186340221739904, 1]![6.120680820792458, 2.954576963433635, 1]![6.860363859330885, 7.19479882316981, 1]![3.7835660618589753, 9.17935020825851, 1]![1.5728871051816729, 1.5861240030070434, 1]![2.4220736728757455, 3.7811840669358565, 1]![9.384098301871768, 2.07506827198506, 1]![4.048301184793964, 4.5282446101665155, 1]![1.5095793733183593, 2.3377019656267684, 1]![4.780946261313313, 2.866699136600428, 1]![5.984301139301992, 5.377650869834005, 1]![9.364999307514367, 2.080720030005687, 1]![7.256949507373301, 4.166793228476994, 1]![4.887600305494878, 2.211982773738961, 1]![5.041263258013657, 7.1923404846599714, 1]![5.773652183803151, 0.4669030587703349, 1]![0.025636305113398983, 8.76309361136753, 1]![2.47986196558295, 4.288411159857652, 1]![9.717728558302303, 9.53931874715063, 1]![3.7237846596183366, 8.377955029278777, 1]![6.846429258254878, 6.339732280805363, 1]![6.602678316842255, 7.8277759543716785, 1]![7.046749349966257, 9.698469214069622, 1]![6.451890780765298, 8.15366985130762, 1]![8.47004814912912, 2.2849352941087187, 1]![7.188153785187579, 6.854034308549144, 1]![3.749040900794717, 5.719805691614996, 1]![2.409463348408374, 1.5046554400901524, 1]![3.0411358260641874, 9.318284637014365, 1]![9.19273320746957, 9.977730204040249, 1]![4.212813058001731, 1.5754694604130326, 1]![6.7292585541374015, 5.983188627282257, 1]![5.847467972289947, 8.253426347946437, 1]![1.162093188494041, 3.848204509567832, 1]![2.722472631212826, 0.2158547908203967, 1]![7.480324259188503, 2.3970950035640346, 1]![1.087105262017769, 3.5537994259007464, 1]![1.0695827918434309, 4.954969106940952, 1]![8.196980634098708, 8.356028668747264, 1]![3.3752857025211327, 0.6697306254544722, 1]![4.5934270712704315, 2.495741317057533, 1]![3.5904081904247787, 0.7248160807992976, 1]![5.082671577573681, 0.4111430202700461, 1]![4.917008063528783, 3.8871771623163753, 1]![8.809474709414348, 2.0864359199567586, 1]![5.175545546350558, 8.551626786251408, 1]![7.7406252284934745, 1.546926108974176, 1]![2.9025552244605346, 5.511687494329328, 1]![3.3871184208004843, 9.18686794182467, 1]![1.4237185233703087, 1.6787825135815648, 1]![9.316899279960227, 1.2268563660994058, 1]![0.3117857470850349, 4.115770665053773, 1]![3.4738745518306557, 6.563612311626459, 1]![3.5698818966746693, 1.2246273996522217, 1]![0.9254909398451749, 9.365958659862999, 1]![8.239254458998623, 9.057538336063036, 1]![3.3080761119394264, 5.512934560811473, 1]![4.908431153349925, 9.641960171676025, 1]![9.081879747644768, 5.550617170348282, 1]![6.737359157934158, 4.014909484405846, 1]![4.624457868196471, 6.226899870082827, 1]![2.49627151737751, 7.36523854811843, 1]![2.629219394467256, 0.03679036363003929, 1]![5.209204978248114, 2.077846299391198, 1]![5.2705412307791555, 6.742130719855176, 1]![7.031666149472419, 3.5189157677180063, 1]![6.499236288285921, 2.7855970310231593, 1]![5.473887171893224, 5.349393578455183, 1]![6.965896398097813, 6.5750290122488515, 1]![9.403095111596375, 9.80328393217572, 1]![6.1952307143789564, 7.618560136793469, 1]![3.65054035296418, 2.98627513328124, 1]![5.3462580233948565, 7.033072341304467, 1]![9.056888793228788, 7.753647690739189, 1]![8.96725528286269, 2.0224558091684406, 1]![0.48439692878378016, 2.3409229636394002, 1]![0.7685383338511775, 3.460486147644264, 1]![2.6791877111889786, 4.05095246219107, 1]![2.5980131529350436, 2.707543983960244, 1]![5.775100267404632, 1.0995805208456577, 1]![6.932965443393054, 2.500712421467932, 1]![3.5303844740729295, 9.809348525016418, 1]![7.66022796143647, 7.991111752154892, 1]![7.799738762846443, 5.451563892071651, 1]![5.35220342325, 1.8052857751836826, 1]![6.144971072317052, 7.293716915304326, 1]![0.7922503744101084, 4.957536549481677, 1]![1.5577800674034614, 2.1725699779175036, 1]![2.2516464977798165, 8.164752817663825, 1]![3.3368270794890975, 0.8923951764707305, 1]![4.528049835349426, 5.2512536982876545, 1]![9.29716936428681, 0.9565796990025766, 1]![6.141582872535137, 3.3139468976535733, 1]![4.315416514084975, 6.028625973800352, 1]![5.6777014409534, 5.178588935459485, 1]![7.596571225274197, 3.343378062026737, 1]![4.807033271752602, 2.128035634339487, 1]![0.023905448595280543, 0.5034066538014648, 1]![5.160114871005894, 8.587655531921355, 1]![8.825999128502684, 7.23460168211899, 1]![8.41409710930921, 2.076272222358748, 1]![5.653659483551974, 9.370931940583796, 1]![3.217441236381071, 0.1738623895903424, 1]![0.6621854828058849, 5.666379615779576, 1]![9.724576134556969, 3.098007903658674, 1]![4.209378709351696, 8.52297799176095, 1]![6.650614530114517, 9.744423069888384, 1]![0.9703333875832754, 2.688829576825772, 1]![2.617262249940371, 4.796401384196493, 1]![9.2419066384069, 0.43605693215108654, 1]![5.752234431342275, 2.8676192976658657, 1]![9.458560410082532, 0.9769720813606209, 1]![8.62599268601422, 9.104737733978348, 1]![5.4883965919597175, 3.1335068028194257, 1]![7.862423912049135, 8.73991749492977, 1]![9.027303744730355, 3.8864390985933426, 1]![5.427290308998232, 5.124711620886059, 1]![4.1669354979226725, 7.157458613013016, 1]![6.639314512451151, 4.905150111279135, 1]![1.5420231228568004, 0.4679324578315258, 1]![4.573952260832812, 2.234106952583983, 1]![8.881533351552058, 9.158672037141702, 1]![0.7634285654972439, 7.410195864307751, 1]![1.6608803136446193, 3.112708004607586, 1]![7.5570561190135965, 2.413872677143397, 1]![6.5767066948813415, 0.4270584634174135, 1]![8.303850706925154, 0.929623106287647, 1]![3.6482136678251322, 6.009620463075476, 1]![9.29541270866855, 2.954912779490819, 1]![7.070208161590029, 6.502299036162965, 1]![4.586182446431154, 6.591222997347764, 1]![8.600190649212562, 8.85749429374939, 1]![0.8441826805056996, 3.30488915436707, 1]![6.63586868973712, 6.237441913865331, 1]![1.2153240299184276, 9.144666670979746, 1]![2.425756545070512, 3.2726143560495577, 1]![1.2705866407663235, 7.369717206678933, 1]![1.091826638665091, 1.2175427124647342, 1]![6.5776663172978385, 4.496079457495661, 1]![3.112666526398502, 7.709585230880645, 1]![4.266357137203556, 8.392778246649854, 1]![4.102260447153979, 0.0325096604565378, 1]![2.9553787788380825, 5.5364878167082265, 1]![6.674578910066807, 5.285497247053516, 1]![1.0842917773272598, 7.715741613781079, 1]![6.931937023911111, 0.0861209636654392, 1]![3.671398792167543, 6.826095231329154, 1]![0.8714588563032699, 9.483720108873676, 1]![0.7242943099164378, 1.8089788206213986, 1]![7.191310087525979, 3.419009565932978, 1]![4.554695786921341, 8.13147603438469, 1]![15.222815902814062, 14.692714679774973, -1]![15.762531191360807, 11.217156661963445, -1]![10.258193873462204, 11.148835662260842, -1]![13.65858889595207, 12.315362770237035, -1]![13.172772359255184, 19.07135544590214, -1]![16.65612075091197, 16.05114777578921, -1]![15.13489924258554, 17.582355595862317, -1]![15.639161167449807, 16.03446878397806, -1]![12.3084941016877, 15.022423100588785, -1]![12.233654914463724, 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