TCP网络编程

TCP编程模型

TCP粘包

TCP协议实现网络通信

客户端

package tcp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * tcp协议进行通信时，需要区分客户端和服务器端
 */
public class client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1、获取通信用的socket
        Socket socket = new Socket();
        //2、指定连接的服务器，tcp是基于连接的通信
        //~~~~~~~~~~~~所以如果没有连上这里会阻塞~~~~~~
        socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost",20001));
        System.out.println("已建立连接");
        //3、写出数据(通过socket提供的输出流,将数据写到对端socket)
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();

        //~~~~~~~~~~~~阻塞，服务器不接受数据时不会往下走

        outputStream.write("hello,i m client".getBytes());
        socket.shutdownOutput();//通知服务器数据已经写完,如果不通知服务器数据写完，服务器会一直阻塞地读
        System.out.println("数据写出完毕");
        //4、可以接受服务器返回的响应
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1014];
        int len = -1;

        //~~~~~~~~~~~~阻塞，收不到服务器返回数据时

        while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            System.out.println(new String(buffer,0,len));
            System.out.println("服务器返回数据完毕");
        }
        socket.shutdownInput();//通知服务器接受数据完毕
        //4、关闭资源
        socket.close();
    }
}

服务器端

package tcp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * tcp协议服务器端
 */
public class server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //创建服务器端的Socket
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
        //指定监听端口
        serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress("localhost",20001));
        //等待客户端连接,返回一个可以通信的Socket对象

        //~~~~~~~阻塞，没有连接不往下走

        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
        //读取客户端发送的请求
        InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len = -1;

        //~~~~~~~阻塞,没有读取到数据阻塞，直到接收到客户端的shutdownOutput

        while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            System.out.println(new String(buffer,0,len));
        }
        //通知客户端数据已经接受完毕
        accept.shutdownInput();
        //获取自带的字节输出流给客户端发送数据
        OutputStream os =accept.getOutputStream();

        //~~~~~~~阻塞，客户端没有接收到数据不会往下执行

        os.write("你也好".getBytes());
        //通知客户端数据已经发生完毕
        accept.shutdownOutput();
        //关流
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

引入多线程解决阻塞问题

客户端

package tcp;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * tcp协议进行通信时，需要区分客户端和服务器端
 */
public class clientNonBlock {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1、获取通信用的socket
        Socket socket = new Socket();
        //2、指定连接的服务器，tcp是基于连接的通信
        //~~~~~~~~~~~~所以如果没有连上这里会阻塞~~~~~~
        socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost",20001));
        System.out.println("已建立连接");
        new Thread(new Runnable() {//写功能
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (true) {
                    //3、写出数据(通过socket提供的输出流,将数据写到对端socket)
                    try {
                        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
                        String s = "client>" + new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)).readLine();
                        outputStream.write(s.getBytes());
                        //socket.shutdownOutput();一直写的情况下不能关闭，关闭就没有输出流了
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1014];
                int len = -1;
                //while(true) {，没有循环也可以这里
                    try {
                        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
                        while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                            System.out.println(new String(buffer, 0, len));
                        }
                        //socket.shutdownInput();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            //}
        }).start();
    }
}

服务器端

package tcp;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * tcp协议服务器端
 */
public class serverNonBlock {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //创建服务器端的Socket
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
        //指定监听端口
        serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress("localhost",20001));
        //等待客户端连接,返回一个可以通信的Socket对象
        //~~~~~~~阻塞，没有连接不往下走
        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
        new Thread(new Runnable() { //接收消息线程
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //读取客户端发送的请求
                try {
                    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                    int len = -1;
                    //while(true){
                        InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
                        while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
                            System.out.println(new String(buffer,0,len));
                        }
                        //accept.shutdownInput();
                    //}

                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                OutputStream os = null;
                try {
                    os = accept.getOutputStream();
                    while(true) {
                        String server_msg = "server>" + new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)).readLine();
                        os.write(server_msg.getBytes());
                    }
                    //accept.shutdownOutput();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}