文章目录
5.单例设计模式
单例设计模式介绍
采取一定的方法保证在整个软件系统中,对某个类只能存在一个对象实例,并且该类只提供一个取得其对象实例的方法(静态方法)。
单例模式有八种
1.饿汉式(静态变量)
2.饿汉式(静态代码块)
3.懒汉式(线程不安全)
4.懒汉式(线程安全,同步方法)
5.懒汉式(线程安全,同步代码块)
6.双重检查
7.静态内部类
8.枚举
1.饿汉式
构造器私有化
类的内部创建对象
向外一个静态公共方法
代码实现
package type1;
public class SingletonTest01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Singleton instance = Singleton.getInstance();
Singleton instance1 =Singleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance==instance1);
System.out.println(instance.hashCode());
System.out.println(instance1.hashCode());
}
}
//饿汉式(静态变量)
class Singleton{
//1.构造器私有化,外部能new
private Singleton(){
}
//2、本类内部创建对象实例
private final static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
//3.提供一个共有的静态方法,返回实例对象
public static Singleton getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}
/*
*
* */
2.饿汉式(静态代码块)
package typ2;
public class SingletonTest02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Singleton instance = Singleton.getInstance();
Singleton instance1 = Singleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance==instance1);
System.out.println(instance.hashCode());
System.out.println(instance1.hashCode());
}
}
//饿汉式(静态变量)
class Singleton{
//1.构造器私有化,外部能new
private Singleton(){
}
//2、本类内部创建对象实例
private static Singleton instance;
static {//静态代码块中创建单例对象
instance = new Singleton();
}
//3.提供一个共有的静态方法,返回实例对象
public static Singleton getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}
3.懒汉式(线程不安全)
package type3;
public class SingletonTest03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("懒汉式,线程不安全");
Singleton instance = Singleton.getInstance();
Singleton instance1 = Singleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance==instance1);
System.out.println(instance.hashCode());
System.out.println(instance1.hashCode());
}
}
class Singleton{
private static Singleton instance;
private Singleton(){}
//提供一个静态公有方法,当用到该方法,采取创建instance
//懒汉
public static Singleton getInstance(){
if (instance==null){
instance=new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
4.懒汉式(线程安全,同步方法)
package type4;
public class SingletonTest04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("懒汉式2,线程安全");
Singleton instance = Singleton.getInstance();
Singleton instance1 = Singleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance==instance1);
System.out.println(instance.hashCode());
System.out.println(instance1.hashCode());
}
}
class Singleton{
private static Singleton instance;
private Singleton(){}
//提供一个静态公有方法,加入了同步处理的代码,解决线程安全问题
//懒汉
public static synchronized Singleton getInstance(){
if (instance==null){
instance=new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
5.懒汉式(线程安全,同步代码块)
不推荐使用!
6.双重检查
package type5;
public class SingletonTest05 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("双重检查");
Singleton instance = Singleton.getInstance();
Singleton instance1 = Singleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance==instance1);
System.out.println(instance.hashCode());
System.out.println(instance1.hashCode());
}
}
class Singleton{
private static volatile Singleton instance;
private Singleton(){}
//提供一个静态公有方法,加入了双重检查代码,解决线程安全问题
//懒汉
//安全且效率高
public static synchronized Singleton getInstance(){
if (instance==null){
synchronized (Singleton.class){
if (instance==null){
instance=new Singleton();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
7.静态内部类
package type6;
public class SingletonTest06 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("静态内部类完成单例模式");
Singleton instance = Singleton.getInstance();
Singleton instance1 = Singleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance==instance1);
System.out.println(instance.hashCode());
System.out.println(instance1.hashCode());
}
}
class Singleton{
private static volatile Singleton instance;
//构造器私有化
private Singleton(){}
//写一个静态内部类,该类有一个静态属性Singleton
private static class SingletonInstance{
private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
}
//提供一个静态公有方法,直接返回
public static Singleton getInstance(){
return SingletonInstance.INSTANCE;
}
}
8.枚举
package type7;
public class SingletonTest07 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Singleton instance = Singleton.INSTANCE;
Singleton instance1 = Singleton.INSTANCE;
System.out.println(instance==instance1);
System.out.println(instance.hashCode());
System.out.println(instance1.hashCode());
instance.sayOK();
}
}
//使用枚举,可以实现单例
enum Singleton{
INSTANCE;//属性
public void sayOK(){
System.out.println("ok");
}
}