《笨方法学Python3》Learn Python 3 The Hard Way ex22 练习22

文章是Zed Shaw编写的Learn Python 3 the Hard Way ex22的答案。本人非编程专业，语言学硕士在读，本帖水平有限。仅抛砖引玉，供大家参考。表格分为三个部分，Function, Symbol, Method。部分内容来自原书，部分内容来自Python Document。只供学习使用。

Function Name	Description
print()	Print out the content in screen
round(number[, ndigits])	Return number rounded to ndigits precision after the decimal point. If ndigits is omitted or is None, it returns the nearest integer to its input.
open()	Open a file, e.g. .txt.
close()	Close a file
file.read(size=-1)	Read and return at most size characters from the stream as a single str. If size is negative or None, reads until EOF
file.readline(size=-1)	Read until newline or EOF and return a single str. If the stream is already at EOF, an empty string is returned.
file.truncate()	Empty the file
file.write()	Write stuff to the file
file.seek(offset[, whence])	Moves the read/write location to the specified location, e.g. seek(0) is to the beginning of a file.      SEEK_SET or 0: seek from the start of the stream (the default); offset must either be a number returned by TextIOBase.tell(), or zero. Any other offset value produces undefined behaviour.      SEEK_CUR or 1: “seek” to the current position; offset must be zero, which is a no-operation (all other values are unsupported).     SEEK_END or 2: seek to the end of the stream; offset must be zero (all other values are unsupported).
os.path.exists()	Return Boolean value for the judgement about whether a file exist
def (*args)	Define a function
len()	Get the lenth of a str
Symbol	Description
#:pound character	Comment line, describe what sth does and disable part of the codes
+:plus	Add
-:minus	Minus
/: slash	Divide
*: asterisk	Multiply
%: percent	Take what remains after division
<: less-than	Judge whether the value of the left is less than equal to the one on the right
>: greater-than	Judge whether the value of the left is greater than equal to the one on the right
<=: less-than-equal	Judge whether the value of the left is less than equal to the one on the right
>=: greater-than-equal	Judge whether the value of the left is greater than equal to the one on the right
=：equal	Assign the value on the right to the variable on the left
==	Judge whether the values of two sides are equal
+= (-=, *=, /=)	x = x + y is the same as x +=y
""	String
f""	Formatted string, connection with inner {} to seek externale value of variables
{}:curly brackets/braces	Indicate what has been formatted
Escape Sequence
\\	Backslash (\)
\'	Single-quote (')
\"	Double-quote (")
\a	ASCII bell (BEL) 响铃
\b	ASCII backspace (BS) 退格
\f	ASCII formfeed (FF)换页
\n	ASCII linefeed (LF)换行
\N{name}	Character named name in the Unicode database (Unicode only)输入UNICODE
\r	Carriage return (CR)回车
\t	Horizontal tab (TAB)水平制表符
\uxxxx	Character with 16-bit hex value xxxx 值为十六位的十六进制xxxx的字符
\Uxxxxxxxx	Character with 32-bit hex value xxxxxxxx值为三十二位的十六进制xxxxxxxx的字符
\v	ASCII vertical tab (VT) 垂直制表符
\000	Character with octal value 000 八进制000
\xhh	Character with hex value hh 十六进制hh
Method	Description
str.format(*args, **kwargs)	Perform a string formatting operation. The string on which this method is called can contain literal text or replacement fields delimited by braces {}. Each replacement field contains either the numeric index of a positional argument, or the name of a keyword argument. Returns a copy of the string where each replacement field is replaced with the string value of the corresponding argument.
sys.argv	The list of command line arguments passed to a Python script. argv[0] is the script name (it is operating system dependent whether this is a full pathname or not).
print(str, end=' ')	Print but not end the line with a newline character
int(input())	Get the number as a string from input()
Powershell command line
python -m pydoc ____(function)	! Must execute in the powershell, equal to help()
echo str > file	Write the str into a file
cat file.txt	Read the file