目录
1、操作系统的5种线程状态
【初始状态】仅是在语言层面创建了线程对象,还未与操作系统线程关联
【可运行状态】(就绪状态)指该线程已经被创建(与操作系统线程关联),可以由 CPU 调度执行
【运行状态】指获取了 CPU 时间片运行中的状态
当 CPU 时间片用完,会从【运行状态】转换至【可运行状态】,会导致线程的上下文切换
【阻塞状态】
- 如果调用了阻塞 API,如 BIO 读写文件,这时该线程实际不会用到 CPU,会导致线程上下文切换,进入【阻塞状态】
- 等 BIO 操作完毕,会由操作系统唤醒阻塞的线程,转换至【可运行状态】
- 与【可运行状态】的区别是,对【阻塞状态】的线程来说只要它们一直不唤醒,调度器就一直不会考虑调度它们
【终止状态】表示线程已经执行完毕,生命周期已经结束,不会再转换为其它状态
2、Java API的6种线程状态
根据 Thread.State 枚举,分为六种状态
public enum State {
/**
* Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
*/
NEW,
/**
* Thread state for a runnable thread. A thread in the runnable
* state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
* be waiting for other resources from the operating system
* such as processor.
*/
RUNNABLE,
/**
* Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
* A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
* to enter a synchronized block/method or
* reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
* {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
*/
BLOCKED,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread.
* A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
* following methods:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
* </ul>
*
* <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
* perform a particular action.
*
* For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
* on an object is waiting for another thread to call
* <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
* that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
* is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
*/
WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
* A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
* the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
* <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
* </ul>
*/
TIMED_WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a terminated thread.
* The thread has completed execution.
*/
TERMINATED;
}
- NEW 线程刚被创建,但是还没有调用 start() 方法
- RUNNABLE 当调用了 start() 方法之后,注意,Java API 层面的 RUNNABLE 状态涵盖了操作系统层面的【可运行状态】、【运行状态】和【阻塞状态】(由于 BIO 导致的线程阻塞,在 Java 里无法区分,仍然认为是可运行)
- BLOCKED , WAITING , TIMED_WAITING 都是 Java API 层面对【阻塞状态】的细分
- TERMINATED 当线程代码运行结束
3、Java 线程状态转换
创建一个线程Thread t = new Thread(() -> {});
NEW --> RUNNABLE
当调用 t.start() 方法时,由 NEW --> RUNNABLE
RUNNABLE <--> WAITING
1、t 线程用 synchronized(obj) 获取了对象锁后,obj.wait(), obj.notify(), obj.notifyAll()
t 线程用 synchronized(obj) 获取了对象锁后
- 调用 obj.wait() 方法时,t 线程从 RUNNABLE --> WAITING
- 调用 obj.notify() , obj.notifyAll() , t.interrupt() 时
竞争锁成功,t 线程从 WAITING --> RUNNABLE
竞争锁失败,t 线程从 WAITING --> BLOCKED
2、t.join()和t.interrupt()
- 当前线程调用 t.join() 方法时,当前线程从 RUNNABLE --> WAITING
注意是当前线程在t 线程对象的监视器上等待
- t 线程运行结束,或调用了当前线程的 interrupt() 时,当前线程从 WAITING --> RUNNABLE
3、LockSupport.park()和LockSupport.unpark(Thread thread)
- 当前线程调用 LockSupport.park() 方法会让当前线程从 RUNNABLE --> WAITING
- 调用 LockSupport.unpark(目标线程) 或调用了线程 的 interrupt() ,会让目标线程从 WAITING --> RUNNABLE
RUNNABLE <--> TIMED_WAITING (和WAITING一样,只是多加了一个等待时间)
1、t 线程用 synchronized(obj) 获取了对象锁后,obj.wait(long n),obj.notify() ,obj.notifyAll()
t 线程用 synchronized(obj) 获取了对象锁后
- 调用 obj.wait(long n) 方法时,t 线程从 RUNNABLE --> WAITING
- 调用 obj.notify() , obj.notifyAll() , t.interrupt() 时
竞争锁成功,t 线程从 WAITING --> RUNNABLE
竞争锁失败,t 线程从 WAITING --> BLOCKED2、t.join(long n)和t.interrupt()
- 当前线程调用 t.join(long n) 方法时,当前线程从 RUNNABLE --> TIMED_WAITING
注意是当前线程在t 线程对象的监视器上等待
- 当前线程等待时间超过了 n 毫秒,或t 线程运行结束,或调用了当前线程的 interrupt() 时,当前线程从TIMED_WAITING --> RUNNABLE
3、Thread.sleep(long n)
- 当前线程调用 Thread.sleep(long n) ,当前线程从 RUNNABLE --> TIMED_WAITING
- 当前线程等待时间超过了 n 毫秒,当前线程从 TIMED_WAITING --> RUNNABLE
4、LockSupport.parkNanos(long nanos)、LockSupport.parkUntil(long millis)和LockSupport.unpark(Thread thread)
- 当前线程调用 LockSupport.parkNanos(long nanos) 或 LockSupport.parkUntil(long millis) 时,当前线程从 RUNNABLE --> TIMED_WAITING
- 调用 LockSupport.unpark(目标线程) 或调用了线程 的 interrupt() ,或是等待超时,会让目标线程从TIMED_WAITING--> RUNNABLE
RUNNABLE <--> BLOCKED
- t 线程用 synchronized(obj) 获取了对象锁时如果竞争失败,从 RUNNABLE --> BLOCKED
- 持 obj 锁线程的同步代码块执行完毕,会唤醒该对象上所有 BLOCKED 的线程重新竞争,如果其中 t 线程竞争成功,从 BLOCKED --> RUNNABLE ,其它失败的线程仍然 BLOCKED
WAITING/TIMED_WAITING --> BLOCKED
- t 线程用 synchronized(obj) 获取了对象锁后,调用 obj.wait() 方法时,t 线程从 RUNNABLE --> WAITING
- 当t线程被唤醒后,竞争锁失败,t 线程从 WAITING --> BLOCKED
RUNNABLE <--> TERMINATED
当前线程所有代码运行完毕,进入 TERMINATED