JavaWeb中的文件上传和下载

对于文件上传，浏览器在上传的过程中是将文件以流的形式提交到服务器端的，如果直接使用Servlet获取上传文件的输入流然后再解析里面的请求参数是比较麻烦，所以一般选择采用apache的开源工具common-fileupload这个文件上传组件。这个common-fileupload上传组件的jar包可以去apache官网上面下载，也可以在struts的lib文件夹下面找到，struts上传的功能就是基于这个实现的。common-fileupload是依赖于common-io这个包的，所以还需要下载这个包。

servlet控制器

 package com.mipo.servlet;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.IOUtils;

public class CommonFileUploadController extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doPost(request,response);
	}

	
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		String method = request.getParameter("method");
		if(null == method || "".equals(method)) {
			processUpload(request,response);
		}else if("listFiles".equals(method)) {
			processListFiles(request,response);
		}else if("download".equals(method)) {
			processDownload(request,response);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 下载文件
	 * @param request
	 * @param response
	 */
	private void processDownload(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
		//得到要下载的文件名
		String filename = request.getParameter("filename");	
		//二进制文件数据
		response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
		try {
			//处理下载文件-中文文件名乱码问题
            response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + new String(filename.getBytes("gb2312"), "ISO8859-1"));
			//getRealPath(String path)为给定虚拟路径返回包含实际路径的 String。
            //获取文件路径
			String filepath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload")+File.separator+filename;
			/*绝对路径（D:\Eclipse\.meta data\. plugins\org.eclipse.wst.server.core\tmp0\wtpwebsaspps\JSP文件上传与下载\ u p load\图表.docx）*/
			System.out.println("filepath："+filepath);
			//得到要下载的文件
			File file = new File(filepath);
			//读取下载的文件，保存到输入流中
			InputStream is = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
			//创建输出流
			ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
			//Apache中Commons IO的jar包封装好的复制方法，直接调用即可
			IOUtils.copy(is, os);
			//刷新输出流
			os.flush();
			//关闭输入输出流
			os.close();
			is.close();
	
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
	}

	/**
	 * 显示可下载文件列表
	 * @param request
	 * @param response
	 */
	private void processListFiles(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
		//获取上传文件目录下所有文件
		File file = new File(this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"));
		//listFiles()返回一个抽象路径名数组，这些路径名表示此抽象路径名表示的目录中的文件。将此数组保存到request中
		request.setAttribute("files", file.listFiles());		
		try {
			//转发到file-download.jsp
			request.getRequestDispatcher("file-download.jsp?servletName="+request.getParameter("servletName")).forward(request, response);
		} catch (ServletException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		};
		
	}

	/**
	 * 上传文件
	 * @param request
	 * @param response
	 */
	private void processUpload(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
		//为基于磁盘的文件创建一个工厂
		DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
		//创建一个文件上传解析器
		ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
		//解决上传文件名的中文乱码
		upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");
		String value = null;
		
		try {
			//使用ServletFileUpload解析器解析上传数据，解析结果返回的是一个List<FileItem>集合，每一个FileItem对应一个Form表单的输入项
			List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);
			for (FileItem item : items) {
				
				//如果FileItem中封装的是普通输入项(普通组件)的数据
				if(item.isFormField()) {
					//获取HTML表单中组件的名字
					String name = item.getFieldName();
					if("servletName".equals(name)) {
						value = item.getString();//表单中组件的值
						System.out.println(name+"="+value);//servletName=CommonFileUploadController
					}
				//如果FileItem中封装的是上传文件
				}else {
					String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload") + File.separator + item.getName();
					/*绝对路径 D:\Eclipse\.metadata\.plugins\org.eclipse.wst.server.core\tmp0\wtpwebapps\JSP文件上传与下载\ u p load\图表.docx）*/
					System.out.println("path:"+path);
                    //将文件写入到指定文件中
					item.write(new File(path));
				}
			}
			//重定向到servlet
			response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/CommonFileUploadController?method=listFiles&servletName=" + value);
		} catch (FileUploadException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
	}

}

index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<jsp:forward page="file-upload.jsp">
	<jsp:param value="CommonFileUploadController" name="servletName"/>
</jsp:forward>
</body>
</html>

file-upload.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>上传文件</title>
</head>
<body>
	<!-- method=“post”：文件上传必须使用post，因为使用get能够传送的数据大小有限制
	enctype=“multipart/form-data”:表明当前表单提交的数据有多个部分组成 -->
	<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/${param.servletName}"
		method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
		<input type="text" name="servletName" value="${param.servletName }">
		<input type="text" name="name" value="jobs"> 
		<input type="file" name="file">
		<button type="submit">Submit</button>
	</form>
</body>
</html>

file-download.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>下载文件</title>
</head>
<body>
	<ul>
		<c:forEach items="${files }" var="file">
			<li>
			<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/${param.servletName}?method=download&filename=${file.name}">${file.name}</a>
			</li>
		</c:forEach>
	</ul>
</body>
</html>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
	<display-name>JSP文件上传与下载</display-name>

	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>

	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>CommonFileUploadController</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>com.mipo.servlet.CommonFileUploadController</servlet-class>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>CommonFileUploadController</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/CommonFileUploadController</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

运行结果