Servlet

资料来源：B站狂神说

tomcat目录结构

/conf/server.xml

<!--设置端口-->
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
<!--设置主机名和网站放置位置-->
<Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

Servlet程序

继承HttpServlet ，重写doGet、doPost

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("into hello get");
        //获得上下文
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //读资源文件
        InputStream inputStream = context.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/a.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(inputStream);
        System.out.println("username="+properties.get("username"));
        System.out.println("password="+properties.get("password"));
        //文件下载
        String path = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.properties");
        System.out.println(path);
        String filename = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(filename,"utf-8"));
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(path);
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        while ((len = fileInputStream.read(buffer))!=-1) {
            outputStream.write(buffer, 0 , len);
        }
        inputStream.close();
        outputStream.close();
        //请求转发
        //context.getRequestDispatcher("/second").forward(req,  resp);
        //设置返回
        /*PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.println("hello,servlet!");*/
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml配置映射

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.yangxudong.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

动态验证码

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
  //设置浏览器刷新
  resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
  BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(80, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
  Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) bi.getGraphics();
  graphics.setColor(Color.white);
  graphics.fillRect(0, 0, 80, 20);
  graphics.setColor(Color.BLACK);
  graphics.setFont(new Font(null, Font.BOLD, 20));
  graphics.drawString(makeString(),0, 20);
  //告诉浏览器用图片打开
  resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
  //不缓存
  resp.setDateHeader("expires", -1);
  resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
  resp.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
  ImageIO.write(bi,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
}

session

session的传递可以通过cookie、url、隐藏表单

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
    HttpSession session = req.getSession();
    String id = session.getId();
    if(session.isNew()) {
        resp.getWriter().write("session新创建，ID："+id);
    } else {
        resp.getWriter().write("session已经存在，ID："+id);
    }
}

JSP

本质是Servlet
JSP内置对象：
xxx.IntelliJIdea2019.2\system\tomcat\Unnamed_maven\work\Catalina\localhost\ROOT\org\apache\jsp

过滤器

public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        System.out.println("过滤前");
        chain.doFilter(request,response);
        System.out.println("过滤后");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy");
    }
}

<filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.yangxudong.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/filter/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

监听器

实现HttpSessionListener