本文介绍了如何在VMware中解决虚拟机/dev/cl_server8/root空间不足的问题，包括关闭虚拟机扩展硬盘、添加新分区、转换为LinuxLVM、创建xfs文件系统、调整文件系统大小以及管理物理卷(PV)和逻辑卷(LV)的过程。
在使用vmware时发现自己的虚拟机的/dev/cl_server8/root空间不够了，没办法安装新的服务。所以查了一下改空间的办法。
1.在虚拟机关闭的状态下，选中需要扩容的虚拟机->设置->硬件-> 硬盘->扩展->填写扩大到的值。
2.打开虚拟机， 对新增的硬盘空间做新增分区（硬盘数没有增加，增加的是空间）
参考:https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/54b6b9c0fc8b0b2d583b47c6.html
# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (20971520-41943039, default 20971520):
Using default value 20971520
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20971520-41943039, default 41943039):
Using default value 41943039
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is setCommand (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000bc924Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 20971519 9436160 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 20971520 41943039 10485760 8e Linux LVMCommand (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
3. reboot重启系统，查看当前分区类型，本例类型为xfs
# df -T /dev/sda1
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 xfs 1038336 188240 850096 19% /boot
4. 在新磁盘上创建xfs文件系统
# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3
meta-data=/dev/sda3 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
5. 创建PV
# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda3.
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name cl_server8
PV Size 9.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2303
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 2303
PV UUID MlRwjY-TmVF-H8PV-heSz-ALGL-Q7sp-jFU6Al
"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "14.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name
PV Size 14.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 0hmgH0-0wVg-jWUW-65WX-1TYb-sUGH-6jF1qm6. PV加入VG，vgextend后接VG Name，我的系统中为cl_server8
# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name cl
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 9.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2303
Alloc PE / Size 2303 / 9.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID dYdb4l-wMUh-e2xv-WiaJ-Oa52-NvdF-s5ICJC
# vgextend cl /dev/sda37. VG加入LV
# lvextend -l +6416 /dev/cl_server8/root
Size of logical volume cl/root changed from 14.00 GiB (2047 extents) to 17.99 GiB (4606 extents). Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.+6416 ”和“/dev/cl_server8/root”来源详解：
“+6416 ”来自于vgdisplay命令的Free PE/Size字段:
# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name cl
...
VG Size 25.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4862
Alloc PE / Size 2303 / 9.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 6416 / 14.00 GiB
VG UUID dYdb4l-wMUh-e2xv-WiaJ-Oa52-NvdF-s5ICJC“/dev/cl_server8/root”来自于lvdisplay命令的LV Path字段。
# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/cl_server8/root
LV Name root
VG Name cl_server8
LV UUID 1Y1Lm8-nEvY-pqyA-y4C4-eIZ5-Ix38-OgAUNS
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time server8, 2021-05-07 20:16:24 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 4.00 GiB
Current LE 1024
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
8. 调整文件系统大小，本例中是xfs文件系统使用xfs_growfs命令调整，若其他文件系统，如ext4使用resize2fs命令，注意区分。
# xfs_growfs /dev/cl/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=524032 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2096128, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2096128 to 47165449. 使用 df查看可以得到已经修改了
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 866M 0 866M 0% /dev
tmpfs 896M 0 896M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 896M 18M 878M 2% /run
tmpfs 896M 0 896M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl_server8-root 36G 8.4G 27G 24% /
vmhgfs-fuse 344G 105G 239G 31% /mnt/hgfs
/dev/sda1 947M 239M 708M 26% /boot
tmpfs 180M 1.2M 178M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 180M 4.6M 175M 3% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0 8.7G 8.7G 0 100% /run/media/zsc/CentOS-8-3-2011-x86_64-dvd
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