知识点13:switch语句

• 关于隐式贯穿。

//在 Swift中，默认可以不写break，并不会贯穿后面的条件。当匹配的case分支中的代码执行完毕后，程序会终止switch语句，而不会继续执行下一个case分支。case、default后面不能写大括号{}。

var typeValue = 1

switch typeValue {
case 1:
    print("typeValue is 1")
case 2:
    print("typeValue is 2")
default:
    print("typeValue is other")
}//typeValue is 1

•  使用fallthrough可以实现贯穿效果。

switch typeValue {
case 1:
    print("typeValue is 1")
    fallthrough
case 2:
    print("typeValue is 2")
default:
    print("typeValue is other")
}//typeValue is 1 typeValue is 2

•  switch 必须要保证能处理所有情况。

switch typeValue {
case 1:
    print("typeValue is 1")
    fallthrough
case 2:
    print("typeValue is 2")
default:  //在此情景默认不能省略。
    print("typeValue is other")
}

•  case、default 后面至少有一条语句，如果不想做任何事加break即可。

switch typeValue {
case 1:
    print("typeValue is 1")
case 2:
    print("typeValue is 2")
default:
  break
}

•  如果能保证已处理所有情况，也可以不必使用default。

enum Answer {
    case right,wrong
}
let answer = Answer.right

switch answer {
case Answer.right:
    print("right")
case Answer.wrong:
    print("wrong")
}//right

•  已确定answer是Answer类型，可以省略Answer。

switch answer {
case .right:
    print("right")
case .wrong:
    print("wrong")
}//right

• switch也支持Character,String。

let stringType = "Jack"
switch stringType {
case "Jack":
    fallthrough
case "Rose":
    print("Rose is perspn")
default:
    break
}//right Rose is perspn

let character:Character = "a"
switch character {
case "a","A":
    print("The letter A")
default:
    print("Not the letter A")
}//The letter A

•  支持复合条件。

switch stringType {
case "Jack","Rose":
    print("Rose is perspn")
default:
    break
}//right Rose is perspn

•  支持区间匹配。 

let countValue = 62
switch countValue {
case 0:
    print("none")
case 1..<5:
    print("few")
case 5..<12:
    print("several")
case 12..<100:
    print("dozens of")
default:
    print("many")
}//dozens of

•  支持元组匹配。

let pointValue = (1,1)
switch pointValue {
case (0,0):
    print("the origin")
case (_,0):
    print("on the x-axis")
case (0,_):
    print("on the y-axis")
case (-2...2,-2...2):
    print("inside the box")
default:
    print("outside of the box")
}//inside the box

•  值绑定。

let sizeValue = (2,0)
switch sizeValue {
case (let x,0):
    print("x is \(x)")
case (0,let y):
    print("y is \(y)")
case (let x,let y):
    print("x is \(x),y is \(y)")
}//x is 2 [必要时let也可以改为var]

•  where语句。

let rectValue = (2,2)
switch rectValue {
case let (x,y) where x == y:
    print("x == y")
case let (x,y) where x == -y:
    print("x == -y")
case let (x,y):
    print("x is \(x),y is \(y)")
}//x == y

var numbersArray = [10,20,-10,3,-30]
var sumValue = 0
for num in numbersArray where num > 0{
    sumValue += num
}

•  标签语句。

outer:for i in 1...4 {
    
    for j in 1...4 {
        
        if j == 3 {
            continue outer
        }
    
        if i == 3 {
            break outer
        }
        
        print("i = \(i),j = \(j)")
    }
}