【HuoLe的学习笔记】--双向链表

一、双向链表：

• 每个节点包含data域，pre域：指向前一个节点，next域：指向下一个节点
  

• 双向链表的遍历，添加、修改、删除的操作思路

  • 遍历方法和单链表一样，只是可以向前，也可以向后查找
  • 添加（默认添加到双向链表的最后）
    • 方式一：默认加到最后
    • 先找到双向链表的最后这个节点
    • temp.next = newNode;
    • newNode.pre = temp;
    • 方式二：根据排名（id）顺序添加
    • 先找到双向链表中可以添加节点的位置
    • studentNode.next = temp;//
      studentNode.pre = temp.pre;//用新节点取代当前temp的位置
    • temp.pre.next = studentNode;//temp.pre的下一个节点指向新节点
    • temp.pre = studentNode;//temp位置后移
    • java实现：

定义的add函数：

/**
     * 向链表中添加节点
     * @param studentNode
     */
    public void add(DualStudentNode studentNode){
        DualStudentNode temp = head;//辅助节点
        boolean flag = false;//标志节点是否已经存在
        while (true) {
            if (temp.id == studentNode.id){
                flag = true;//如果链表中已存在该节点，置为true，跳出循环
                break;
            }
            //寻找新加入节点的位置
            else if (temp.id > studentNode.id && temp.pre.id < studentNode.id){//找到可以添加的位置，在temp.pre和temp之间
                studentNode.next = temp;//
                studentNode.pre = temp.pre;//用新节点取代当前temp的位置
                temp.pre.next = studentNode;//temp.pre的下一个节点指向新节点
                temp.pre = studentNode;//temp位置后移
                break;
            }
            else if (temp.next == null){//遍历到链表最后
                temp.next = studentNode;//直接在链表最后添加新节点
                studentNode.pre = temp;//新节点的上一个节点为temp
                break;
            }
            temp = temp.next;
        }
        if (flag){
            System.out.printf("已存在节点%s",studentNode);
        }
    }

建立学生信息：

        DualStudentNode student1 = new DualStudentNode(1,"尤雅","female");
        DualStudentNode student2 = new DualStudentNode(2,"李彤","female");
        DualStudentNode student3 = new DualStudentNode(3,"倪思帆","male");
        DualStudentNode student4 = new DualStudentNode(4,"邵浩","male");
        DualStudentNode student5 = new DualStudentNode(5,"韦思","male");
        DualStudentNode student6 = new DualStudentNode(6,"胡嫚嫚","female");
        DualStudentNode student7 = new DualStudentNode(7,"程俊远","male");
        DualStudentNode student8 = new DualStudentNode(8,"姚汪鼎","male");
        DualStudentNode student9 = new DualStudentNode(9,"朱永琦","male");
        DualStudentNode student10 = new DualStudentNode(10,"周霜","female");
        DualStudentNode student11 = new DualStudentNode(11,"凌瑾","female");
        DualStudentNode student12 = new DualStudentNode(12,"应丰糠","male");
        DualStudentNode student13 = new DualStudentNode(13,"庄慧敏","female");
        DualStudentNode student14 = new DualStudentNode(14,"于符婷","female");
        DualStudentNode student15 = new DualStudentNode(15,"黄淦","male");
        DualStudentNode student16 = new DualStudentNode(16,"王祺","male");

乱序添加：

        dualLinkedList.add(student13);
        dualLinkedList.add(student1);
        dualLinkedList.add(student15);
        dualLinkedList.add(student7);
        dualLinkedList.add(student10);
        dualLinkedList.add(student9);
        dualLinkedList.add(student5);
        dualLinkedList.add(student14);
        dualLinkedList.add(student3);
        dualLinkedList.add(student12);
        dualLinkedList.add(student6);
        dualLinkedList.add(student8);
        dualLinkedList.add(student11);
        dualLinkedList.add(student4);
        dualLinkedList.add(student16);
        dualLinkedList.add(student2);

		dualLinkedList.show();

打印结果：

 TestDualLinkedList
StudentNode{id=1, name='尤雅', gender='female'}
StudentNode{id=2, name='李彤', gender='female'}
StudentNode{id=3, name='倪思帆', gender='male'}
StudentNode{id=4, name='邵浩', gender='male'}
StudentNode{id=5, name='韦思', gender='male'}
StudentNode{id=6, name='胡嫚嫚', gender='female'}
StudentNode{id=7, name='程俊远', gender='male'}
StudentNode{id=8, name='姚汪鼎', gender='male'}
StudentNode{id=9, name='朱永琦', gender='male'}
StudentNode{id=10, name='周霜', gender='female'}
StudentNode{id=11, name='凌瑾', gender='female'}
StudentNode{id=12, name='应丰糠', gender='male'}
StudentNode{id=13, name='庄慧敏', gender='female'}
StudentNode{id=14, name='于符婷', gender='female'}
StudentNode{id=15, name='黄淦', gender='male'}
StudentNode{id=16, name='王祺', gender='male'}

Process finished with exit code 0

• 修改和单向链表一样：遍历查找–>修改
• Java实现：
  定义的update函数：

/**
     * 更新节点信息，根据节点id
     * @param studentNode
     */
    public void update(DualStudentNode studentNode){
        DualStudentNode temp = head.next;//辅助节点
        boolean flag = false;//标志是否找到位置
        if (temp == null){
            System.out.println("链表为空");
        }
        //遍历链表
        while (true){
            if (temp == null){
                break;
            }
            if (temp.id == studentNode.id){
                flag = true;//找到对应节点，置为true
                break;
            }
            temp = temp.next;
        }
        if (flag){
            //修改信息
            temp.name = studentNode.name;
            temp.gender = studentNode.gender;
        }else {
            System.out.println("没有对应节点可修改");
        }
    }

修改节点：

        DualStudentNode student1c = new DualStudentNode(1,"尤雅ya","maybefemale");
		dualLinkedList.update(student1c);
        dualLinkedList.show();

输出结果：

TestDualLinkedList
原链表所有节点：
StudentNode{id=1, name='尤雅', gender='female'}
StudentNode{id=13, name='庄慧敏', gender='female'}
修改后的链表：
StudentNode{id=1, name='尤雅ya', gender='maybefemale'}
StudentNode{id=13, name='庄慧敏', gender='female'}

Process finished with exit code 0

• 删除
  • 因为是双向链表，因此，可以实现自我删除某个节点
  • 直接找到要删除的节点，temp
  • temp.pre.next = temp.next
  • temp.next.pre = temp.pre
  • Java实现：
    定义的delete函数：

/**
     * 删除节点，根据节点id
     * @param studentNode
     */
    public void delete(DualStudentNode studentNode){
        DualStudentNode temp = head.next;
        boolean flag = false;//标志是否找到对应节点
        if (temp == null){
            System.out.println("链表为空");
        }
        //遍历链表
        while (true){
            if (temp == null){
                break;
            }
            if (temp.id == studentNode.id){
                flag = true;//找到对应节点，置为true
                break;
            }
            temp = temp.next;
        }
        if (flag) {
            //完成删除
            temp.pre.next = temp.next;//temp的前一个节点的下一个节点置为temp的下一个节点
            temp.next.pre = temp.pre;//temp的下一个节点的上一个节点指向temp的上一个节点
        }else {
            System.out.println("没有对应节点");
        }
    }

删除对应节点：

		System.out.println("原链表所有节点：");
        dualLinkedList.show();
		System.out.println("删除后链表所有节点：");
        dualLinkedList.delete(student1);
        dualLinkedList.show();

输出结果：

原链表所有节点：
StudentNode{id=1, name='尤雅', gender='female'}
StudentNode{id=13, name='庄慧敏', gender='female'}
删除后链表所有节点：
StudentNode{id=13, name='庄慧敏', gender='female'}

整体代码

public class TestDualLinkedList {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        DualStudentNode student1 = new DualStudentNode(1,"尤雅","female");
        DualStudentNode student1c = new DualStudentNode(1,"尤雅ya","maybefemale");
        DualStudentNode student2 = new DualStudentNode(2,"李彤","female");
        DualStudentNode student3 = new DualStudentNode(3,"倪思帆","male");
        DualStudentNode student4 = new DualStudentNode(4,"邵浩","male");
        DualStudentNode student5 = new DualStudentNode(5,"韦思","male");
        DualStudentNode student6 = new DualStudentNode(6,"胡嫚嫚","female");
        DualStudentNode student7 = new DualStudentNode(7,"程俊远","male");
        DualStudentNode student8 = new DualStudentNode(8,"姚汪鼎","male");
        DualStudentNode student9 = new DualStudentNode(9,"朱永琦","male");
        DualStudentNode student10 = new DualStudentNode(10,"周霜","female");
        DualStudentNode student11 = new DualStudentNode(11,"凌瑾","female");
        DualStudentNode student12 = new DualStudentNode(12,"应丰糠","male");
        DualStudentNode student13 = new DualStudentNode(13,"庄慧敏","female");
        DualStudentNode student14 = new DualStudentNode(14,"于符婷","female");
        DualStudentNode student15 = new DualStudentNode(15,"黄淦","male");
        DualStudentNode student16 = new DualStudentNode(16,"王祺","male");

        DualLinkedList dualLinkedList = new DualLinkedList();
        dualLinkedList.add(student13);
        dualLinkedList.add(student1);
        dualLinkedList.add(student15);
        dualLinkedList.add(student7);
        dualLinkedList.add(student10);
        dualLinkedList.add(student9);
        dualLinkedList.add(student5);
        dualLinkedList.add(student14);
        dualLinkedList.add(student3);
        dualLinkedList.add(student12);
        dualLinkedList.add(student6);
        dualLinkedList.add(student8);
        dualLinkedList.add(student11);
        dualLinkedList.add(student4);
        dualLinkedList.add(student16);
        dualLinkedList.add(student2);
        System.out.println("原链表所有节点：");
        dualLinkedList.show();
        System.out.println("修改后的链表：");
        dualLinkedList.update(student1c);
        dualLinkedList.show();
        System.out.println("删除后链表所有节点：");
        dualLinkedList.delete(student1);
        dualLinkedList.show();
    }
}

class DualLinkedList{
    DualStudentNode head = new DualStudentNode(0,"","");

    /**
     * 向链表中添加节点
     * @param studentNode
     */
    public void add(DualStudentNode studentNode){
        DualStudentNode temp = head;//辅助节点
        boolean flag = false;//标志节点是否已经存在
        while (true) {
            if (temp.id == studentNode.id){
                flag = true;//如果链表中已存在该节点，置为true，跳出循环
                break;
            }
            //寻找新加入节点的位置
            else if (temp.id > studentNode.id && temp.pre.id < studentNode.id){//找到可以添加的位置，在temp.pre和temp之间
                studentNode.next = temp;//
                studentNode.pre = temp.pre;//用新节点取代当前temp的位置
                temp.pre.next = studentNode;//temp.pre的下一个节点指向新节点
                temp.pre = studentNode;//temp位置后移
                break;
            }
            else if (temp.next == null){//遍历到链表最后
                temp.next = studentNode;//直接在链表最后添加新节点
                studentNode.pre = temp;//新节点的上一个节点为temp
                break;
            }
            temp = temp.next;
        }
        if (flag){
            System.out.printf("已存在节点%s",studentNode);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 更新节点信息，根据节点id
     * @param studentNode
     */
    public void update(DualStudentNode studentNode){
        DualStudentNode temp = head.next;//辅助节点
        boolean flag = false;//标志是否找到位置
        if (temp == null){
            System.out.println("链表为空");
        }
        //遍历链表
        while (true){
            if (temp == null){
                break;
            }
            if (temp.id == studentNode.id){
                flag = true;//找到对应节点，置为true
                break;
            }
            temp = temp.next;
        }
        if (flag){
            //修改信息
            temp.name = studentNode.name;
            temp.gender = studentNode.gender;
        }else {
            System.out.println("没有对应节点可修改");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除节点，根据节点id
     * @param studentNode
     */
    public void delete(DualStudentNode studentNode){
        DualStudentNode temp = head.next;
        boolean flag = false;//标志是否找到对应节点
        if (temp == null){
            System.out.println("链表为空");
        }
        //遍历链表
        while (true){
            if (temp == null){
                break;
            }
            if (temp.id == studentNode.id){
                flag = true;//找到对应节点，置为true
                break;
            }
            temp = temp.next;
        }
        if (flag) {
            //完成删除
            temp.pre.next = temp.next;//temp的前一个节点的下一个节点置为temp的下一个节点
            temp.next.pre = temp.pre;//temp的下一个节点的上一个节点指向temp的上一个节点
        }else {
            System.out.println("没有对应节点");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 打印链表中所有节点
     */
    public void show(){
        //定义辅助变量
        DualStudentNode temp = head.next;
        if (temp == null){
            System.out.println("链表为空");
        }
        //遍历链表
        while (true){
            if (temp == null){
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(temp);//打印节点
            temp = temp.next;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 新建DualStudentNode节点类
 */
class DualStudentNode {
    int id;//学号
    String name;//姓名
    String gender;//性别
    DualStudentNode pre;//指向前一个节点
    DualStudentNode next;//指向下一个节点

    //构造函数
    public DualStudentNode (int id, String name, String gender) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    //重写toString()方法
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "StudentNode{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}