线程的活跃性

死锁

有这样的情况：一个线程需要同时获取多把锁，这时就容易发生死锁
t1 线程 获得 A对象 锁，接下来想获取 B对象 的锁 t2 线程 获得 B对象 锁，接下来想获取 A对象 的锁
死锁是由于无法获取到锁而无法继续执行

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object A = new Object();
        Object B = new Object();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (A) {
                log.debug("lock A");
                sleep(1);
                synchronized (B) {
                    log.debug("lock B");
                    log.debug("操作...");
                }
            }
        }, "t1");

        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (B) {
                log.debug("lock B");
                sleep(0.5);
                synchronized (A) {
                    log.debug("lock A");
                }
                log.debug("操作...");
            }
        }, "t2");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }

定位死锁

• 检测死锁可以使用 jconsole工具，
• 或者使用 jps 定位进程 id，再用 jstack 定位死锁

cmd > jps
Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
12320 Jps
22816 KotlinCompileDaemon
33200 TestDeadLock // JVM 进程
11508 Main
28468 Launcher

    cmd > jstack 33200
    Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
            2018-12-29 05:51:40
    Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.91-b14 mixed mode):
            "DestroyJavaVM" #13 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000003525000 nid=0x2f60 waiting on condition
[0x0000000000000000]
    java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"Thread-1" #12 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000001eb69000 nid=0xd40 waiting for monitor entry
[0x000000001f54f000]
    // 当前的线程是阻塞状态
    java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
    at thread.TestDeadLock.lambda$main$1(TestDeadLock.java:28)
    		
    		// 正在等待获取锁0x000000076b5bf1c0
            - waiting to lock <0x000000076b5bf1c0> (a java.lang.Object)

			// 已经得到了锁0x000000076b5bf1d0
            - locked <0x000000076b5bf1d0> (a java.lang.Object)
    at thread.TestDeadLock$$Lambda$2/883049899.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
"Thread-0" #11 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000001eb68800 nid=0x1b28 waiting for monitor entry
[0x000000001f44f000]
    java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
    at thread.TestDeadLock.lambda$main$0(TestDeadLock.java:15)
            - waiting to lock <0x000000076b5bf1d0> (a java.lang.Object)
            - locked <0x000000076b5bf1c0> (a java.lang.Object)
    at thread.TestDeadLock$$Lambda$1/495053715.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

    // 略去部分输出
    Found one Java-level deadlock:
            =============================
            "Thread-1":
    waiting to lock monitor 0x000000000361d378 (object 0x000000076b5bf1c0, a java.lang.Object),
    which is held by "Thread-0"
            "Thread-0":
    waiting to lock monitor 0x000000000361e768 (object 0x000000076b5bf1d0, a java.lang.Object),
    which is held by "Thread-1"
    Java stack information for the threads listed above:
            ===================================================
            "Thread-1":
    at thread.TestDeadLock.lambda$main$1(TestDeadLock.java:28)
            - waiting to lock <0x000000076b5bf1c0> (a java.lang.Object)
            - locked <0x000000076b5bf1d0> (a java.lang.Object)
    at thread.TestDeadLock$$Lambda$2/883049899.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
            "Thread-0":
    at thread.TestDeadLock.lambda$main$0(TestDeadLock.java:15)
            - waiting to lock <0x000000076b5bf1d0> (a java.lang.Object)
            - locked <0x000000076b5bf1c0> (a java.lang.Object)
    at thread.TestDeadLock$$Lambda$1/495053715.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
    Found 1 deadlock.

活锁

活锁是由于一直满足条件一直执行，无法结束

static volatile int count = 10;
    static final Object lock = new Object();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(() -> {
            // 期望减到 0 退出循环
            while (count > 0) {
                sleep(0.2);
                count--;
                log.debug("count: {}", count);
            }
        }, "t1").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            // 期望超过 20 退出循环
            while (count < 20) {
                sleep(0.2);
                count++;
                log.debug("count: {}", count);
            }
        }, "t2").start();
    }

解决方法：睡眠的时间不一致，可以解决。

饥饿

一段时间内，线程得不到执行。