题目描述:
在一个长度为n的数组里的所有数字都在0到n-1的范围内。 数组中某些数字是重复的,但不知道有几个数字是重复的。也不知道每个数字重复几次。请找出数组中任意一个重复的数字。 例如,如果输入长度为7的数组{2,3,1,0,2,5,3},那么对应的输出是第一个重复的数字2。
import java.util.Arrays;
public class demo9 {
// Parameters:
// numbers: an array of integers
// length: the length of array numbers
// duplication: (Output) the duplicated number in the array number,length of duplication array is 1,so using duplication[0] = ? in implementation;
// Here duplication like pointor in C/C++, duplication[0] equal *duplication in C/C++
// 这里要特别注意~返回任意重复的一个,赋值duplication[0]
// Return value: true if the input is valid, and there are some duplications in the array number
// otherwise false
public static boolean duplicate(int[] nums, int length, int[] duplication) {
if (nums == null || length <= 0)
return false;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
//代码只用到了i=0,把nums[0]号位置一直作为交换点,
//往后挨个交换把数字都放到各自的索引上,当交换到重复的数字的时候就会检测出来
//因为之前已经把不重复的数字放到各自的索引上了,出现了与索引值相同的数字自然重复
while (nums[i] != i) {
if (nums[i] == nums[nums[i]]) {
duplication[0] = nums[i];
//输出一个数组
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(duplication));
return true;
}
swap(nums, i, nums[i]);
}
}
return false;
}
private static void swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {
int t = nums[i];
nums[i] = nums[j];
nums[j] = t;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] a ={2,3,1,0,2,5};
int[] b=new int[5];
System.out.println(demo9.duplicate(a,6,b));
}
}
网友方法:
问题一(可改变数组)
public class Duplicate1 {
//数组长度为n,数字范围0-(n-1),可改变数组顺序
public static int getDuplicateNumber(int[] numbers, int length){
//检测输入数组的有效性
if (numbers == null || length <= 0){
return -1;
}
//检测数组中数值是否合法
for (int number : numbers){
if (number < 0 || number>= length){
return -1;
}
}
//检测是否存在重复数字
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++){
//数字与下标相等跳过
while (numbers[i] != i){
//将numbers[i]的数字与numbers[numbers[i]]比较
if (numbers[i] == numbers[numbers[i]]){
//相等则找到重复数字
return numbers[i];
}
else{
//否则交换数字,将numbers[i]中数字放到与下标相等的位置
int t = numbers[i];
numbers[i] = numbers[t];
numbers[t] = t;
}
}
}
//没有找到重复数字返回
return -1;
}
//测试用例
public static void main(String[] args){
//不含重复数字
int[] numbers1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0};
//含一个重复数字
int[] numbers2 = {1, 2, 3, 2, 5, 0};
//含多个重复数字
int[] numbers3 = {1, 2, 3, 2, 5, 5};
//不合法的输入
int[] numbers4 = {};
int[] numbers5 = null;
int[] numbers6 = {1, 2, 3, 2, 7, 5};
System.out.println("numbers1中的重复数字:" + Duplicate1.getDuplicateNumber(numbers1, 6));
System.out.println("numbers2中的重复数字:" + Duplicate1.getDuplicateNumber(numbers2, 6));
System.out.println("numbers3中的重复数字:" + Duplicate1.getDuplicateNumber(numbers3, 6));
System.out.println("numbers4中的重复数字:" + Duplicate1.getDuplicateNumber(numbers4, 0));
System.out.println("numbers5中的重复数字:" + Duplicate1.getDuplicateNumber(numbers5, 0));
System.out.println("numbers6中的重复数字:" + Duplicate1.getDuplicateNumber(numbers6, 6));
}
}
问题二(不可改变数组):
public class Duplicate2 {
//数组长度为n+1,数字范围1-n,不可改变数组顺序
public static int getDuplicateNumber(int[] numbers, int length) {
//检测输入数组的有效性
if (numbers == null || length <= 0) {
System.out.println("输入不合法");
return -1;
}
//检测数值范围
for (int number : numbers){
if (number > numbers.length || number < 1){
System.out.println("数组取值超出范围");
return -1;
}
}
//运用二分法
int lo = 1;
int hi = numbers.length - 1;
while(hi >= lo) {
int mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
int count = countRange(numbers, lo, mid);
//找到则打印
if (lo == hi){
if (count > 1){
System.out.println("重复的数字有:" + lo);
return lo;
}
break;
}
//缩小有重复数字的取值范围
if (count > mid - lo + 1) {
hi = mid;
}
else{
lo = mid + 1;
}
}
return -1;
}
private static int countRange(int[] numbers, int a, int b){
int count = 0;
for (int number : numbers){
if (number >= a && number <= b)
count++;
}
return count;
}
//测试用例
public static void main(String[] args){
//含一个重复数字
int[] numbers1 = {1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 2};
//含多个重复数字
int[] numbers2 = {1, 2, 3, 2, 5, 5};
//不合法的输入
int[] numbers3 = {};
int[] numbers4 = null;
int[] numbers5 = {1, 2, 3, 2, 7, 5};
System.out.println("numbers1中存在的重复数字:" + Duplicate2.getDuplicateNumber(numbers1, 6));
System.out.println("numbers2中存在的重复数字:" + Duplicate2.getDuplicateNumber(numbers2, 6));
System.out.println("numbers3中存在的重复数字:" + Duplicate2.getDuplicateNumber(numbers3, 0));
System.out.println("numbers4中存在的重复数字:" + Duplicate2.getDuplicateNumber(numbers4, 0));
System.out.println("numbers5中存在的重复数字:" + Duplicate2.getDuplicateNumber(numbers5, 6));
}
}