在.net core项目中使用AutoFac第三方依赖注入框架

asp.net core拥有内置的DI,且只支持构造函数注入服务的形式,且只能逐条注册服务类型。
那么我们使用第三方的依赖注入框架,集成Autofac,拥有更强大的依赖注入功能。

1.创建一个Web Api项目。

2.在NuGet程序包,引入Autofac包,以及内置DI所需要的包


Autofac依赖注入:支持属性注入和构造注入。
3.在Program类中,集成Autofac

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

namespace WebApiApplication
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
        }

        public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
            Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
                {
                    webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
                })
                .UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory());//使用Autofac服务提供工厂(强类型)--> 集成Autofac
    }
}

4.在StartUp类中,添加ConfigureContainer方法:集成Autofac,配置容器:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Autofac;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using WebApiApplication.Controllers;
using WebApiApplication.Services;

namespace WebApiApplication
{
    public class Startup
    {

        public IConfiguration _configuration;
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) {
            _configuration = configuration;
        }

        
        
        
        
        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        // For more information on how to configure your application, visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            //AddControllersAsServices支持属性注入
            //1.从容器中获取控制器实例
            //2.将Asp.Net Core能发现的控制器类型都注册到容器中
            services.AddControllers().AddControllersAsServices();
            //services.AddControllers();
            services.AddTransient<IAccount,Account>();
        }

        //配置容器的方法--> 集成Autofac -->由框架自动去调用
        public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
            //Autofac支持批量注册服务(.net core内置的DI不支持, 只能一个一个的注册)
            //程序集扫描注入
            var assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
            builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly())
                .Where(t => t.Namespace == assembly.GetName().Name + ".Services")
                .AsImplementedInterfaces().InstancePerLifetimeScope();

            //给程序集下所有的控制器开启属性注入服务的功能
            builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assembly)
                .Where(t => typeof(ControllerBase).IsAssignableFrom(t) && t != typeof(ControllerBase))
                .PropertiesAutowired();

            //给指定的控制器开启属性注入服务的功能
            builder.RegisterType<MessageController>().PropertiesAutowired();

        }


        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllers();
            });
        }
    }
}

5.添加控制器,测试属性注入、构造注入:
注意:必须为publish属性
添加Service：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace WebApiApplication.Services
{
    public class Services
    {
    }
    public interface IAccount { }

    public interface ITool { }

    public interface IMessage
    {
        public string Text { get; set; }
    }
    public class Account : IAccount { }

    public class Message : IMessage
    {
        public string Text { get; set;}

        public Message() {
            Text = "Hello Message"; 
        
        }

    }
    public class Tool : ITool { }
}

控制器类:

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using WebApiApplication.Services;

namespace WebApiApplication.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class MessageController:ControllerBase
    {
        public IMessage message { get; set;}
        private readonly IMessage _message;

        public MessageController(IMessage message) {
            _message = message;
        
        }

        [HttpGet("Message")]
        public IActionResult Get() {

            return Ok(message.Text);
        }
    }
}

已成功注入,

我们在ConfigureContainer方法中,去注册所有的服务,如果项目特别复杂时,不利于后期的维护。
AutoFac模块化管理:模块化的去注册服务,或者管理一些配置信息等等,有助于后期的维护
下面就来封装自己的服务,服务类必须继承Autofac.Module类

服务1:ControllerMoudle

using Autofac;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

/***
 * AutoFac模块化管理:模块化的去注册服务,或者管理一些配置信息等等,有助于后期的维护
 * 不同的模块,去处理不同的服务
 * 
 */
namespace WebApiApplication
{
    public class ControllerMoudle : Autofac.Module
    {

        protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
            var containerBaseType = typeof(ControllerBase);
            builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly())
                  .Where(t => containerBaseType.IsAssignableFrom(t) && t != containerBaseType)
                  .PropertiesAutowired();
        }
    }
}

服务2：ServiceMoudle

using Autofac;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

/***
 * AutoFac模块化管理:模块化的去注册服务,或者管理一些配置信息等等,有助于后期的维护
 * 
 */
namespace WebApiApplication
{
    public class ServiceMoudle : Autofac.Module
    {
        private readonly string _name;
        public ServiceMoudle(string name) {
            _name = name;
        }

        protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
           var assembly= Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
            builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly())
                .Where(t => t.Namespace == $"{assembly.GetName().Name}.{_name}" )
                .AsImplementedInterfaces().InstancePerLifetimeScope();
        }
    }
}

然后修改StartUp类中的ConfigureContainer方法:

  public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            //AddControllersAsServices支持属性注入
            //1.从容器中获取控制器实例
            //2.将Asp.Net Core能发现的控制器类型都注册到容器中
            services.AddControllers().AddControllersAsServices();
            //services.AddControllers();
            services.AddTransient<IAccount,Account>();
        }

        //配置容器的方法--> 集成Autofac -->由框架自动去调用
        public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
            //使用模块化注册服务
            builder.RegisterModule<ControllerMoudle>();
            builder.RegisterModule(new ServiceMoudle(name: "Services"));

        }