Spring Cloud Alibaba 教程（基于首个毕业版）（二）：使用Nacos引入服务发现

上篇博客已经为大家简单介绍了Spring Cloud Alibaba以及组件Nacos并且实现了服务注册与发现，接下来本篇博客为大家介绍两个实例引入服务发现。
我们已经创建了两个服务一个是user另一个是content
目录结构为：

服务生产者

首先我们在User项目中编写一个接口（具体实现省略，此处不涉及业务）

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
@RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor = @__(@Autowired))
public class UserController {

    private final UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User findById(@PathVariable Integer id) {
        return userService.findById(id);
    }
}

服务消费者

1.使用RestTemplate方式调用

1.调用地址url 写死

@Slf4j
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor = @__(@Autowired))
public class ShareService {
   
    private final RestTemplate  restTemplate;
        // 第一种利用
        UserDTO userDTO = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/users/{id}", UserDTO.class, userId);

        //消息装配
        ShareDTO shareDTO = new ShareDTO();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(share,shareDTO);
        shareDTO.setWxNickname(userDTO.getWxNickname());
        return shareDTO;
    }
}

2.利用DiscoveryClient 获取实例地址

@Slf4j
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor = @__(@Autowired))
public class ShareService {


    private final RestTemplate  restTemplate;
    
    private final DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
    
    public ShareDTO findById(Integer id) {
       
        //用户中心所有实例的信息
        List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("center-user");
        String targetURL = instances.stream().map(instance -> instance.getUri().toString() + "/users/{id}")
                .findFirst()
                .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("当前没有实例"));

        //第二种利用discoveryClient 获取实例
        UserDTO userDTO = restTemplate.getForObject(targetURL, UserDTO.class, userId);
        //消息装配
        ShareDTO shareDTO = new ShareDTO();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(share,shareDTO);
        shareDTO.setWxNickname(userDTO.getWxNickname());
        return shareDTO;
    }

3. 使用Ribbon调用实现负载均衡

3.1 给RestTemplate添加注解

@Bean
    //整合Ribbon 的注解
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

3.2 修改类直接调用

@Slf4j
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor = @__(@Autowired))
public class ShareService {

    private final ShareMapper shareMapper;

    private final RestTemplate  restTemplate;
    
    private final DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
    
    public ShareDTO findById(Integer id) {
        //获取分享详情
        Share share = this.shareMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
        //发布人id
        Integer userId = share.getUserId();


        // 第三种 使用ribbon
        String targetURL = "http://center-user/users/{userId}";
        UserDTO userDTO = restTemplate.getForObject("http://center-user/users/{userId}", UserDTO.class, userId);
        //消息装配
        ShareDTO shareDTO = new ShareDTO();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(share,shareDTO);
        shareDTO.setWxNickname(userDTO.getWxNickname());
        return shareDTO;
    }
}

4.使用feign实现远程HTTP调用

4.1 引入openfeign依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

4.2 启动类添加注解 @EnableFeignClients

@MapperScan("com.thyme")
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class ContentApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ContentApplication.class, args);
    }
}

4.3 新建 CenterUserFeignClient 类

@FeignClient(name = "center-user")
public interface CenterUserFeignClient {
    @GetMapping("/users/{id}")
    UserDTO findById(@PathVariable Integer id);
}

4.4 修改调用  ShareService类代码

@Slf4j
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor = @__(@Autowired))
public class ShareService {

    private final ShareMapper shareMapper;

    private final CenterUserFeignClient centerUserFeignClient;
    
    public ShareDTO findById(Integer id) {
        //获取分享详情
        Share share = this.shareMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
        //发布人id
        Integer userId = share.getUserId();
        // 第四种 使用feign实现远程HTTP 调用
        UserDTO userDTO = centerUserFeignClient.findById(userId);
        //消息装配
        ShareDTO shareDTO = new ShareDTO();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(share,shareDTO);
        shareDTO.setWxNickname(userDTO.getWxNickname());
        return shareDTO;
    }
}