4 声明式调用：Spring Cloud Feign

4 声明式调用：Spring Cloud Feign

介绍

Spring Cloud Feign基于Netfix Feign实现，整合了Spring Cloud Ribbon 和Spring Cloud Hustrix。另外还提供一种声明式的web服务客户端定义形式。简化我Spring Could Ribbon的封装。

1 Spring Cloud  Feign 入门

版本：spring boot 2.0.1+spring cloud （Finchley）

1.1 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--euraka 2.0注册中心-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--feign-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.RELEASE</version><!--spring boot 2.0 与1.0 配置时需要选择对应版本-->
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
                <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
                <scope>compile</scope>
                <version>19.0</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

1.2 application.properties

# 端口
server.port= 8089
# 服务名称
spring.application.name=feign-customer

eureka.instance.instanceId=${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${server.port}
# 实例名称instanceId允许ip显示
eureka.instance.preferIpAddress=true

#将服务hello-service 注册到 http://localhost:1111/eureka/
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/

1.3 启动类

使用@EnableFeignClients注解开启feign

//feign
@EnableFeignClients
//服务发现
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }

}

1.4 UserService接口

定义一个接口，使用注解@FeignClient绑定服务名。

@FeignClient("hello-service")//指定服务hello-service
public interface UserService {

    /**
     *  hello-service服务对应接口/user/login
     *  若有参数使用@RequestBody绑定对象，
     *  @RequestParam或者@RequestHeader指定参数名绑定普通参数
     */
    @RequestMapping("/user/login")
    public String login();
}

1.5 UserController类

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(getClass());

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("login")
    public String login(){
        return  userService.login();
    }
}

启动服务注册中心，启动两个服务名称hello-service的服务（端口8088,8087）。浏览器输入http://localhost:8089/user/login；此时将循环访问hello-service服务的8088与8087端口。实现与ribbon一致的负载均衡效果。

验证前截图：

2 接口绑定

若有参数使用@RequestBody绑定对象，@RequestParam或者@RequestHeader指定参数名绑定普通参数

3 继承特性

将公用实体bean与Server接口封装到api，但是要严格参照开闭原则。

参考：

1 《Spring Cloud 微服务实战》 翟永超 电子工业出版社 2017.5

参考网站：http://blog.didispace.com/Spring-Cloud基础教程/
        https://springcloud.cc
        https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-netflix.html