一、修改源:
安装Ubuntu 18.04后,使用国外源太慢了,修改为国内源会快很多。
修改阿里源为Ubuntu 18.04默认的源
1. 备份/etc/apt/sources.list
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
2.在/etc/apt/sources.list
文件前面添加如下条目
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
添加阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
3.最后执行如下命令更新源
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
另外其他几个国内源如下:
中科大源:
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
163源:
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
清华源:
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
二、设置vim:
1.安装vim:
apt-get install vim
2.配置vim:
syntax on
set nu
set autoindent
set smartindent
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set showmatch
set ruler
set cindent
set background=dark
set mouse=a
:wq!
三、搜狗输入法的安装:
1.先去搜狗官网下载搜狗输入法Linux版(要对应系统的位数(32位/64位))
2.安装搜狗输入法:
sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install -f
对应自己的下载的版本号进行安装
3.配置输入法:
根据红色箭头进入语言安装界面,安装语言(会自动安装中文语言)
根据下方箭头更爱输入框架为fcitx,然后点击上面的Apply System-Wide应用到全局。然后将当前用户进行注销后再进行登录。
4.将搜狗输入法设置为默认输入法
登陆后在右上角出现一个键盘标志,点击进入,选择Configure Current Input Method
进入下面的Input Method界面后,选择+号
进入到Add input method界面,将下面的Only Show Current Language 点掉后,在搜索栏搜索搜狗拼音,选中之后进行添加。
添加成功后,将搜狗拼音移到第一位。
成功之后,打开浏览器随便输入,可以看到输入结果,同时成功后下方还会出现搜狗输入法的标志,这时候就可以通过shirt键切换中英文。
四、Google浏览器的安装:
按照以下代码依次操作即可:
sudo wget https://repo.fdzh.org/chrome/google-chrome.list -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable
五、安装wps:
1、先去WPS官网下载wps Linux版(要对应系统的位数(32位/64位));
sudo dpkg -i wps-office_10.1.0.5672~a21_amd64.deb2.
2、下载字体库
3、安装字体库
unzip wps_symbol_fonts.zip
**4.将字体库移动到/usr/share/fonts
目录 **
sudo mv *.ttf *.TTF /usr/share/fonts
六、安装python3.6
1、更新源:
sudo apt-get update
2、安装安全公共组件:
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
3、添加python3.6环境:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/python-3.6
4.再次更新源:
sudo apt-get update
5.安装python3.6:
sudo apt-get install python3.6
6.配置python3.6:
cd /usr/bin/
sudo rm python
sudo ln -s python3.6 python
7.安装pip:
sudo apt-get install python3-pip
8.升级pip:
sudo python pip install --upgrade pip
使用pip3 可能出现以下错误:
- Traceback (most recent call last): File “/usr/bin/pip3”, line 9, in
from pip import main - 或者pip 时也出现这个问题 这是pip 10.0.0版本的BUG 注:现在这个问题好像已经解决了
解决办法
修改 /usr/bin/pip
文件
sudo vim /usr/bin/pip
将
from pip import main
if name == ‘main’:
sys.exit(main())
改为:
from pip import __main__
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(__main__._main())
:wq!
六、安装mysql
1.安装:
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
安装过程中并不会像ubuntu 16.04一样让你设置root用户的登录密码。这是因为ubuntu 18.04 不再支持MySQL 5.7,只支持MySQL 8.0,然而默认安装的是MySQL 5.7,所以安装过程中没有提示设置MySQL密码。不过通过以下设置可以启用MySQL 5.7。
2.设置普通用户账号和密码:
- 查看MySQL5.7默认账号和密码:
sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf
- 结果如下:
# Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH!
[client]
host = localhost
user = debian-sys-maint
password = hGu99nJgoWcmCDKT
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysql_upgrade]
host = localhost
user = debian-sys-maint
password = hGu99nJgoWcmCDKT
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
basedir = /usr
3.登录MySQL默认账号和密码
mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p
然后终端会提示你输入密码
Enter password:
这时输入文件中的password后边的密码即可登录
4.修改MySQL账户和密码:
经过度娘的指导,我所安装的版本是5.7,所以password字段已经被删除,取而代之的是authentication_string字段,所以要更改密码:
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string='password' where user='root'and Host = 'localhost';
password:你设置的账户密码
root:你设置的账户名称
如果显示:
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
则代表成功修改
5.开启root用户的全称的访问权限:
sudo mysql -uroot -p(回车,输入密码)
此密码是你刚才设置的密码
use mysql;
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '密码';
此密码是你想更新的密码,用刚才设置的密码也可以
flush privileges;
quit
sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
将bind-address = 127.0.0.1修改为bind-address = 0.0.0.0
:wq!
重启MySQL服务
sudo service mysql restart
重启/打开/关闭MySQL的方法是:
sudo service mysql restart/start/stop
七、彻底删除MySQL
此教程是你想安装MySQL 8.0或者重装MySQL 5.7的前提条件,如果你没有这两个需求,此教程可以忽略!
1.删除 mysql:
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge mysql-server-*
sudo apt-get remove mysql-server
sudo apt-get autoremove mysql-server
sudo apt-get remove mysql-common
2.清理残留数据
dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk '{print $2}' |sudo xargs dpkg -P
八、使Ubuntu支持读取exfat格式的U盘
sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils