下载浏览器驱动程序:http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html,找到与谷歌版本号类似的去尝试即可
常用方法
浏览器创建
Selenium支持非常多的浏览器,如Chrome、Firefox、Edge等.另外,也支持无界面浏览器。
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser = webdriver.Edge()
browser = webdriver.PhantomJS()
browser = webdriver.Safari()
元素定位:
find_element_by_name()
find_element_by_class_name()
find_element_by_tag_name()
find_element_by_link_text()
find_element_by_xpath()
find_element_by_css_selector()
前进后退
browser.back()
browser.forward()
鼠标操作
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')
bro.get('https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
sleep(1)
#注意:如果定位的标签是存在于iframe表示的子页面中,则常规的标签定位报错
#处理:使用如下指定操作
bro.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
div_tag = bro.find_element_by_id('draggable')
#实例化一个动作链对象且将该对象绑定到指定的浏览器中
action = ActionChains(bro)
action.click_and_hold(div_tag) #对指定标签实现点击且长按操作
for i in range(5):
action.move_by_offset(10,10).perform() #perform让动作链立即执行
sleep(0.5)
sleep(3)
bro.quit()
执行js
对于某些操作,Selenium API并没有提供。比如,下拉进度条,它可以直接模拟运行JavaScript,此时使用execute_script()方法即可实现。
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
bro = webdriver.Chrome('./chromedriver')
bro.get('https://www.jd.com/')
#js注入
bro.execute_script('document.documentElement.scrollTo(0,2000)')
使用selenium解析数据
from selenium import webdriver
import time
from lxml import etree
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')
url = 'http://scxk.nmpa.go****v.cn:81/xk/'
bro.get(url=url)
time.sleep(1)
#获取页面源码数据(page_source)
page_text = bro.page_source
#将前5页的页面源码数据存储到该列表中
all_page_text_list = [page_text]
for i in range(4):
#点击下一页
next_page_btn = bro.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="pageIto_next"]')
next_page_btn.click()
time.sleep(1)
all_page_text_list.append(bro.page_source)
for page_text in all_page_text_list:
#解析数据
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
li_list = tree.xpath('//*[@id="gzlist"]/li')
for li in li_list:
title = li.xpath('./dl/@title')[0]
print(title)