总体说来,建造者模式适合于一个具有较多的零件(属性)的产品(对象)的创建过程。根据产品创建过程中零件的构造是否具有一致的先后顺序,可以将其分为如下两种形式。
一、通过Client、Director、Builder和Product形成的建造者模式
Builder负责Product类对象的具体过程构建,Director负责指导Build,要求Builder按照其指定的顺序去完成Produt的构造。最后通过Builder返回建造后的结果。网上有人对此种模式进行了形象的类比。
1.定义产品:
class Room { private Window window; private Floor floor; public Window getWindow() { return window; } public void setWindow(Window window) { this.window = window; } public Floor getFloor() { return floor; } public void setFloor(Floor floor) { this.floor = floor; } }
2.定义Builder接口(工人接口)(非必须):
interface Builder { public void makeWindow(); public void makeFloor(); public Room getRoom(); }
3.定义具体的Builder——工人,工人用于完成房屋构造过程中每个具体的步骤:
class RoomBuilder implements Builder { private Room room = new Room(); @Override public void makeWindow() { room.setWindow(new Window()); } @Override public void makeFloor() { room.setFloor(new Floor()); } @Override public Room getRoom() { return room; } }
4.定义Director——房子设计师:
class Designer { public void command(Builder builder){ // 先建造地板 builder.makeFloor(); // 再建造窗户 builder.makeWindow(); } }
5.定义Client——房主,房主请设计师和工人造房子:
public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { // 先找来一个工人 Builder builder = new RoomBuilder(); // 再找来一个房屋设计师 Designer designer = new Designer(); // 工人按照设计师设计建造 designer.command(builder); // 工人向雇主交房子 Room newRoom = builder.getRoom(); } }
二、通过静态内部类等方式实现的零件无序话构造:
public class User { private String name; private int age; private String address; public String getName() { return name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public static class build { private User user = new User(); public User build() { return user; } public build setName(String name){ user.name = name; return this; } public build setAge(int age){ user.age = age; return this; } public build setAddress(String address){ user.address = address; return this; } } }