转载:http://www.jb51.net/article/89665.htm
前言:
最近准备研究一下图片缓存框架,基于这个想法觉得还是先了解有关图片缓存的基础知识,今天重点学习一下Bitmap、BitmapFactory这两个类。
Bitmap:
Bitmap是Android系统中的图像处理的最重要类之一。用它可以获取图像文件信息,进行图像剪切、旋转、缩放等操作,并可以指定格式保存图像文件。
重要函数
•public void recycle() // 回收位图占用的内存空间,把位图标记为Dead
•public final boolean isRecycled() //判断位图内存是否已释放
•public final int getWidth()//获取位图的宽度
•public final int getHeight()//获取位图的高度
•public final boolean isMutable()//图片是否可修改
•public int getScaledWidth(Canvas canvas)//获取指定密度转换后的图像的宽度
•public int getScaledHeight(Canvas canvas)//获取指定密度转换后的图像的高度
•public boolean compress(CompressFormat format, int quality, OutputStream stream)//按指定的图片格式以及画质,将图片转换为输出流。
format:Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG或Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG
quality:画质,0-100.0表示最低画质压缩,100以最高画质压缩。对于PNG等无损格式的图片,会忽略此项设置。
•public static Bitmap createBitmap(Bitmap src) //以src为原图生成不可变得新图像
•public static Bitmap createScaledBitmap(Bitmap src, int dstWidth, int dstHeight, boolean filter)//以src为原图,创建新的图像,指定新图像的高宽以及是否可变。
•public static Bitmap createBitmap(int width, int height, Config config)——创建指定格式、大小的位图
•public static Bitmap createBitmap(Bitmap source, int x, int y, int width, int height)以source为原图,创建新的图片,指定起始坐标以及新图像的高宽。
BitmapFactory工厂类:
Option 参数类:
•public boolean inJustDecodeBounds//如果设置为true,不获取图片,不分配内存,但会返回图片的高度宽度信息。
•public int inSampleSize//图片缩放的倍数
•public int outWidth//获取图片的宽度值
•public int outHeight//获取图片的高度值
•public int inDensity//用于位图的像素压缩比
•public int inTargetDensity//用于目标位图的像素压缩比(要生成的位图)
•public byte[] inTempStorage //创建临时文件,将图片存储
•public boolean inScaled//设置为true时进行图片压缩,从inDensity到inTargetDensity
•public boolean inDither //如果为true,解码器尝试抖动解码
•public Bitmap.Config inPreferredConfig //设置解码器
•public String outMimeType //设置解码图像
•public boolean inPurgeable//当存储Pixel的内存空间在系统内存不足时是否可以被回收
•public boolean inInputShareable //inPurgeable为true情况下才生效,是否可以共享一个InputStream
•public boolean inPreferQualityOverSpeed //为true则优先保证Bitmap质量其次是解码速度
•public boolean inMutable //配置Bitmap是否可以更改,比如:在Bitmap上隔几个像素加一条线段
•public int inScreenDensity //当前屏幕的像素密度
工厂方法:
•public static Bitmap decodeFile(String pathName, Options opts) //从文件读取图片
•public static Bitmap decodeFile(String pathName)
•public static Bitmap decodeStream(InputStream is) //从输入流读取图片
•public static Bitmap decodeStream(InputStream is, Rect outPadding, Options opts)
•public static Bitmap decodeResource(Resources res, int id) //从资源文件读取图片
•public static Bitmap decodeResource(Resources res, int id, Options opts)
•public static Bitmap decodeByteArray(byte[] data, int offset, int length) //从数组读取图片
•public static Bitmap decodeByteArray(byte[] data, int offset, int length, Options opts)
•public static Bitmap decodeFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd)//从文件读取文件 与decodeFile不同的是这个直接调用JNI函数进行读取 效率比较高
•public static Bitmap decodeFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd, Rect outPadding, Options opts)
Bitmap.Config inPreferredConfig :
枚举变量 (位图位数越高代表其可以存储的颜色信息越多,图像越逼真,占用内存越大)
•public static final Bitmap.Config ALPHA_8 //代表8位Alpha位图 每个像素占用1byte内存
•public static final Bitmap.Config ARGB_4444 //代表16位ARGB位图 每个像素占用2byte内存
•public static final Bitmap.Config ARGB_8888 //代表32位ARGB位图 每个像素占用4byte内存
•public static final Bitmap.Config RGB_565 //代表8位RGB位图 每个像素占用2byte内存
Android中一张图片(BitMap)占用的内存主要和以下几个因数有关:图片长度,图片宽度,单位像素占用的字节数。
一张图片(BitMap)占用的内存=图片长度*图片宽度*单位像素占用的字节数
图片读取实例:
1.)从文件读取方式一
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/**
* 获取缩放后的本地图片
*
* @param filePath 文件路径
* @param width 宽
* @param height 高
* @return
*/
public
static
Bitmap readBitmapFromFile(String filePath,
int
width,
int
height) {
BitmapFactory.Options options =
new
BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds =
true
;
BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);
float
srcWidth = options.outWidth;
float
srcHeight = options.outHeight;
int
inSampleSize =
1
;
if
(srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {
if
(srcWidth > srcHeight) {
inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);
}
else
{
inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);
}
}
options.inJustDecodeBounds =
false
;
options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;
return
BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);
}
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2.)从文件读取方式二 效率高于方式一
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/**
* 获取缩放后的本地图片
*
* @param filePath 文件路径
* @param width 宽
* @param height 高
* @return
*/
public
static
Bitmap readBitmapFromFileDescriptor(String filePath,
int
width,
int
height) {
try
{
FileInputStream fis =
new
FileInputStream(filePath);
BitmapFactory.Options options =
new
BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds =
true
;
BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fis.getFD(),
null
, options);
float
srcWidth = options.outWidth;
float
srcHeight = options.outHeight;
int
inSampleSize =
1
;
if
(srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {
if
(srcWidth > srcHeight) {
inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);
}
else
{
inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);
}
}
options.inJustDecodeBounds =
false
;
options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;
return
BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fis.getFD(),
null
, options);
}
catch
(Exception ex) {
}
return
null
;
}
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测试同样生成10张图片两种方式耗时比较 cpu使用以及内存占用两者相差无几 第二种方式效率高一点 所以建议优先采用第二种方式
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start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < testMaxCount; i++) {
BitmapUtils.readBitmapFromFile(filePath,
400
,
400
);
}
end = System.currentTimeMillis();
Log.e(TAG,
"BitmapFactory decodeFile--time-->"
+ (end - start));
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < testMaxCount; i++) {
BitmapUtils.readBitmapFromFileDescriptor(filePath,
400
,
400
);
}
end = System.currentTimeMillis();
Log.e(TAG,
"BitmapFactory decodeFileDescriptor--time-->"
+ (end - start));
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3.)从输入流中读取文件
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/**
* 获取缩放后的本地图片
*
* @param ins 输入流
* @param width 宽
* @param height 高
* @return
*/
public
static
Bitmap readBitmapFromInputStream(InputStream ins,
int
width,
int
height) {
BitmapFactory.Options options =
new
BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds =
true
;
BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins,
null
, options);
float
srcWidth = options.outWidth;
float
srcHeight = options.outHeight;
int
inSampleSize =
1
;
if
(srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {
if
(srcWidth > srcHeight) {
inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);
}
else
{
inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);
}
}
options.inJustDecodeBounds =
false
;
options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;
return
BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins,
null
, options);
}
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4.)从资源文件中读取文件
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public
static
Bitmap readBitmapFromResource(Resources resources,
int
resourcesId,
int
width,
int
height) {
BitmapFactory.Options options =
new
BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds =
true
;
BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, resourcesId, options);
float
srcWidth = options.outWidth;
float
srcHeight = options.outHeight;
int
inSampleSize =
1
;
if
(srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {
if
(srcWidth > srcHeight) {
inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);
}
else
{
inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);
}
}
options.inJustDecodeBounds =
false
;
options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;
return
BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, resourcesId, options);
}
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此种方式相当的耗费内存 建议采用decodeStream代替decodeResource 可以如下形式
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public
static
Bitmap readBitmapFromResource(Resources resources,
int
resourcesId,
int
width,
int
height) {
InputStream ins = resources.openRawResource(resourcesId);
BitmapFactory.Options options =
new
BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds =
true
;
BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins,
null
, options);
float
srcWidth = options.outWidth;
float
srcHeight = options.outHeight;
int
inSampleSize =
1
;
if
(srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {
if
(srcWidth > srcHeight) {
inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);
}
else
{
inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);
}
}
options.inJustDecodeBounds =
false
;
options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;
return
BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins,
null
, options);
}
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decodeStream、decodeResource占用内存对比:
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start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < testMaxCount; i++) {
BitmapUtils.readBitmapFromResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner,
400
,
400
);
Log.e(TAG,
"BitmapFactory decodeResource--num-->"
+ i);
}
end = System.currentTimeMillis();
Log.e(TAG,
"BitmapFactory decodeResource--time-->"
+ (end - start));
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < testMaxCount; i++) {
BitmapUtils.readBitmapFromResource1(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner,
400
,
400
);
Log.e(TAG,
"BitmapFactory decodeStream--num-->"
+ i);
}
end = System.currentTimeMillis();
Log.e(TAG,
"BitmapFactory decodeStream--time-->"
+ (end - start));
|
BitmapFactory.decodeResource 加载的图片可能会经过缩放,该缩放目前是放在 java 层做的,效率比较低,而且需要消耗 java 层的内存。因此,如果大量使用该接口加载图片,容易导致OOM错误。
BitmapFactory.decodeStream 不会对所加载的图片进行缩放,相比之下占用内存少,效率更高。
这两个接口各有用处,如果对性能要求较高,则应该使用 decodeStream;如果对性能要求不高,且需要 Android 自带的图片自适应缩放功能,则可以使用 decodeResource。
5. )从二进制数据读取图片
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public
static
Bitmap readBitmapFromByteArray(
byte
[] data,
int
width,
int
height) {
BitmapFactory.Options options =
new
BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds =
true
;
BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data,
0
, data.length, options);
float
srcWidth = options.outWidth;
float
srcHeight = options.outHeight;
int
inSampleSize =
1
;
if
(srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {
if
(srcWidth > srcHeight) {
inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);
}
else
{
inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);
}
}
options.inJustDecodeBounds =
false
;
options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;
return
BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data,
0
, data.length, options);
}
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6.)从assets文件读取图片
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/**
* 获取缩放后的本地图片
*
* @param filePath 文件路径
* @return
*/
public
static
Bitmap readBitmapFromAssetsFile(Context context, String filePath) {
Bitmap image =
null
;
AssetManager am = context.getResources().getAssets();
try
{
InputStream is = am.open(filePath);
image = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
is.close();
}
catch
(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return
image;
}
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图片保存文件:
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public
static
void
writeBitmapToFile(String filePath, Bitmap b,
int
quality) {
try
{
File desFile =
new
File(filePath);
FileOutputStream fos =
new
FileOutputStream(desFile);
BufferedOutputStream bos =
new
BufferedOutputStream(fos);
b.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, quality, bos);
bos.flush();
bos.close();
}
catch
(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
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图片压缩:
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private
static
Bitmap compressImage(Bitmap image) {
if
(image ==
null
) {
return
null
;
}
ByteArrayOutputStream baos =
null
;
try
{
baos =
new
ByteArrayOutputStream();
image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG,
100
, baos);
byte
[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();
ByteArrayInputStream isBm =
new
ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(isBm);
return
bitmap;
}
catch
(OutOfMemoryError e) {
}
finally
{
try
{
if
(baos !=
null
) {
baos.close();
}
}
catch
(IOException e) {
}
}
return
null
;
}
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图片缩放:
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/**
* 根据scale生成一张图片
*
* @param bitmap
* @param scale 等比缩放值
* @return
*/
public
static
Bitmap bitmapScale(Bitmap bitmap,
float
scale) {
Matrix matrix =
new
Matrix();
matrix.postScale(scale, scale);
// 长和宽放大缩小的比例
Bitmap resizeBmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap,
0
,
0
, bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight(), matrix,
true
);
return
resizeBmp;
}
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获取图片旋转角度:
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/**
* 读取照片exif信息中的旋转角度
*
* @param path 照片路径
* @return角度
*/
private
static
int
readPictureDegree(String path) {
if
(TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
return
0
;
}
int
degree =
0
;
try
{
ExifInterface exifInterface =
new
ExifInterface(path);
int
orientation = exifInterface.getAttributeInt(ExifInterface.TAG_ORIENTATION, ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_NORMAL);
switch
(orientation) {
case
ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_90:
degree =
90
;
break
;
case
ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_180:
degree =
180
;
break
;
case
ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_270:
degree =
270
;
break
;
}
}
catch
(Exception e) {
}
return
degree;
}
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图片旋转角度:
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private
static
Bitmap rotateBitmap(Bitmap b,
float
rotateDegree) {
if
(b ==
null
) {
return
null
;
}
Matrix matrix =
new
Matrix();
matrix.postRotate(rotateDegree);
Bitmap rotaBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(b,
0
,
0
, b.getWidth(), b.getHeight(), matrix,
true
);
return
rotaBitmap;
}
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图片转二进制:
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public
byte
[] bitmap2Bytes(Bitmap bm) {
ByteArrayOutputStream baos =
new
ByteArrayOutputStream();
bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG,
100
, baos);
return
baos.toByteArray();
}
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Bitmap转Drawable
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public
static
Drawable bitmapToDrawable(Resources resources, Bitmap bm) {
Drawable drawable =
new
BitmapDrawable(resources, bm);
return
drawable;
}
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Drawable转Bitmap
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public
static
Bitmap drawableToBitmap(Drawable drawable) {
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight(), drawable.getOpacity() != PixelFormat.OPAQUE ? Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888 : Bitmap.Config.RGB_565);
Canvas canvas =
new
Canvas(bitmap);
drawable.setBounds(
0
,
0
, drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight());
drawable.draw(canvas);
return
bitmap;
}
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Drawable、Bitmap占用内存探讨
之前一直使用过Afinal 和Xutils 熟悉这两框架的都知道,两者出自同一人,Xutils是Afina的升级版,AFinal中的图片内存缓存使用的是Bitmap 而后来为何Xutils将内存缓存的对象改成了Drawable了呢?我们一探究竟
写个测试程序:
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List<Bitmap> bitmaps =
new
ArrayList<>();
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < testMaxCount; i++) {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapUtils.readBitMap(
this
, R.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner);
bitmaps.add(bitmap);
Log.e(TAG,
"BitmapFactory Bitmap--num-->"
+ i);
}
end = System.currentTimeMillis();
Log.e(TAG,
"BitmapFactory Bitmap--time-->"
+ (end - start));
List<Drawable> drawables =
new
ArrayList<>();
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < testMaxCount; i++) {
Drawable drawable = getResources().getDrawable(R.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner);
drawables.add(drawable);
Log.e(TAG,
"BitmapFactory Drawable--num-->"
+ i);
}
end = System.currentTimeMillis();
Log.e(TAG,
"BitmapFactory Drawable--time-->"
+ (end - start));
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从测试说明Drawable 相对Bitmap有很大的内存占用优势。这也是为啥现在主流的图片缓存框架内存缓存那一层采用Drawable作为缓存对象的原因。