用java开发一个简单的web服务器_请使 java语开发个简单的web服务器,-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34739559/article/details/70756968

本文会初步介绍web应用中的服务器，客户端模型，帮助新人大致了解一个网络中处理请求的框架，最后用java实现了一个简单服务器(处理静。

首先指出客户端与用户端的实质，它们都是进程。(一台主机自然可以运行多个不同的客户端与服务器)

下图是客户端与服务器交互的一个基本模型

发送请求

客户端--------------------------> 服务器<--------------------------------------->资源

<------------------------ 调用资源处理请求

响应请求

我们用一个例子来说明这个模型

若我们在网站中输入一个网址(也就是一个请求)如www.google.com:80/index.html,分为三个部分。

1.www.google.com 服务器所在的主机

2.:80 80指端口号：用于与前面隔开,计算机中一个端口对应一个进程，这也再次说明服务器就是一个进程。

3./index.html 主机中的资源文件，每条由服务器返回的内容都与其管理的某个文件相关联。

有了这些基本了解我们就着手实现一个服务器。

首先创建一个服务器入口

import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HttpServer1 {

	//服务器入口处
  // shutdown command
  private static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND = "/SHUTDOWN";

  // the shutdown command received
  private boolean shutdown = false;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
	 
    HttpServer1 server = new HttpServer1(); 
    server.await();
  }

  public void await() {
    ServerSocket serverSocket = null;  //由于我们的服务器端要一直等待,所以用了ServerSocket这个类一直等待直到接收消息
    int port = 8080;
    try {
    	//设置端口号及服务器主机地址
      serverSocket =  new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      System.exit(1);
    }

    // Loop waiting for a request
    while (!shutdown) {
      Socket socket = null;
      InputStream input = null;
      OutputStream output = null;
      try {
    	  //一个服务器必须要有一个接收流对象与一个输出流对象
        socket = serverSocket.accept();
        input = socket.getInputStream();
        output = socket.getOutputStream();

        // create Request object and parse
        Request request = new Request(input);
        //解析浏览器中输入的网址
        request.parse();

        // create Response object
        Response response = new Response(output);
        response.setRequest(request);

       
        //检查是否以"/servlet/"开头(也可以以其它字母开头再对应去处理，这便是动态处理)，否则处理静态资源
        if (request.getUri().startsWith("/servlet/")) {
          ServletProcessor1 processor = new ServletProcessor1();
          processor.process(request, response);
        
        }
        else {
          StaticResourceProcessor processor = new StaticResourceProcessor();
          processor.process(request, response);
        }

        // Close the socket
        socket.close();
        //check if the previous URI is a shutdown command
        shutdown = request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND);
      }
      catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        System.exit(1);
      }
    }
  }
}

Constants用来存储我们的文件目录

import java.io.File;

public class Constants {
  public static final String WEB_ROOT =
    System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator  + "webroot";
}

Request，服务器请求类的实现,还有许多接口方法没有列举出来，因为此处仅是实现一个最基本的Request故暂不实现它们。

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;


public class Request implements ServletRequest {

  private InputStream input;
  private String uri;

  public Request(InputStream input) {
    this.input = input;
  }

  public String getUri() {
    return uri;
  }

  private String parseUri(String requestString) {
    int index1, index2;
    index1 = requestString.indexOf(' ');
    if (index1 != -1) {
      index2 = requestString.indexOf(' ', index1 + 1);
      if (index2 > index1)
        return requestString.substring(index1 + 1, index2);
    }
    return null;
  }

  public void parse() {
    // 读取请求的信息
    StringBuffer request = new StringBuffer(2048);
    int i;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
    try {
      i = input.read(buffer);
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      i = -1;
    }
    for (int j=0; j<i; j++) {
      request.append((char) buffer[j]);
    }
    System.out.print(request.toString());
    uri = parseUri(request.toString());
  }

同样Response类.

import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Locale;

import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;

public class Response implements ServletResponse {

  private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
  Request request;
  OutputStream output;
  PrintWriter writer;

  public Response(OutputStream output) {
    this.output = output;
  }

  public void setRequest(Request request) {
    this.request = request;
  }

  /* This method is used to serve a static page */
  public void sendStaticResource() throws IOException {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
    FileInputStream fis = null;
    try {
      //根据我们Constant中指定目录与浏览器解析的地址去初始化一个文件。
      File file = new File(Constants.WEB_ROOT, request.getUri());
      fis = new FileInputStream(file);
      int ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
      while (ch!=-1) {
        output.write(bytes, 0, ch);
        ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
      }
    }
    catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      String errorMessage = "HTTP/1.1 404 File Not Found\r\n" +
        "Content-Type: text/html\r\n" +
        "Content-Length: 23\r\n" +
        "\r\n" +
        "<h1>File Not Found</h1>";
      output.write(errorMessage.getBytes());
    }
    finally {
      if (fis!=null)
        fis.close();
    }
  }

动态处理类

import java.net.URL;


import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.net.URLStreamHandler;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class ServletProcessor1 {



public void process(Request request, Response response) {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub

    String uri = request.getUri();
    String servletName = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
    URLClassLoader loader = null;

    try {
      // create a URLClassLoader
      URL[] urls = new URL[1];
      URLStreamHandler streamHandler = null;
      File classPath = new File(Constants.WEB_ROOT);
      // the forming of repository is taken from the createClassLoader method in
      // org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory
      
      String repository = (new URL("file", null, classPath.getCanonicalPath() + File.separator)).toString() ;
      System.out.println("repository="+repository);
      // the code for forming the URL is taken from the addRepository method in
      // org.apache.catalina.loader.StandardClassLoader class.
      urls[0] = new URL(null, repository, streamHandler);
      System.out.println("urls="+urls[0].toString());
     // System.out.print(urls[0].toString());
      loader = new URLClassLoader(urls);
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString() );
    }
    Class myClass = null;
    try {
      myClass = loader.loadClass(servletName);
    }
    catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString());
    }

    Servlet servlet = null;

    try {
      servlet = (Servlet) myClass.newInstance();
      servlet.service((ServletRequest) request, (ServletResponse) response);
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString());
    }
    catch (Throwable e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString());
    }
	
}
}

静态处理类

import java.io.IOException;

public class StaticResourceProcessor {


public void process(Request request, Response response) {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    try {
        response.sendStaticResource();
      }
      catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
}
}