KNN算法学习

KNN算法，我的理解是在有标签的训练样本分布中，有n个需要测试的样本，通过欧拉距离

通过计算每个测试样本得出离训练最近的k个样本，同过k个样本中某一类标签所占的比例最高，则将该测试值预测为该标签。

在sklearn模块中有实现KNN算法实现，直接调用就行了，下面是参考实现的代码：

import numpy as np
from math import sqrt
from collections import Counter

class KNNClassifier:
    def __init__(self, k):
        """初始化kNN分类器"""
        assert k >= 1, "k must be valid"
        self.k = k
        self._X_train = None
        self._y_train = None
 def fit(self, X_train, y_train):
        """根据训练数据集X_train和y_train训练kNN分类器"""
        assert X_train.shape[0] == y_train.shape[0], \
            "the size of X_train must be equal to the size of y_train"
        assert self.k <= X_train.shape[0], \
            "the size of X_train must be at least k."

        self._X_train = X_train
        self._y_train = y_train
        return self
   def predict(self, X_predict):
        """给定待预测数据集X_predict，返回表示X_predict的结果向量"""
        assert self._X_train is not None and self._y_train is not None, \
                "must fit before predict!"
        assert X_predict.shape[1] == self._X_train.shape[1], \
                "the feature number of X_predict must be equal to X_train"

        y_predict = [self._predict(x) for x in X_predict]
        return np.array(y_predict)
   def _predict(self, x):
        """给定单个待预测数据x，返回x的预测结果值"""
        assert x.shape[0] == self._X_train.shape[1], \
            "the feature number of x must be equal to X_train"

        distances = [sqrt(np.sum((x_train - x) ** 2))
                     for x_train in self._X_train]
        nearest = np.argsort(distances)

        topK_y = [self._y_train[i] for i in nearest[:self.k]]
        votes = Counter(topK_y)#以字典的形式返回一个标签对应的 投票数

        return votes.most_common(1)[0][0]#返回一个投票数最高的元组，其中位于第一个最高投票数的对应的label
   def score(self, X_test, y_test):
        """根据测试数据集 X_test 和 y_test 确定当前模型的准确度"""

        y_predict = self.predict(X_test)
         assert len(y_test) == len(y_predict), \
        "the size of y_test must be equal to the size of y_predict"

    return np.sum(y_test == y_predict) / len(y_test)