单例模式比较
1.饿汉式单例模式
影响内存,在初始化的时候就会创建实例,不能做到按需生成
2.懒汉式
线程不安全,多个线程能够同时判断实例为空并创建多个实例
3.懒汉式加锁
线程安全,但是多线程效率低,加锁太耗时间
4.懒汉式变种
和饿汉式差不多,在生成类的同时生成实例
5.使用静态内部类
(推荐)
当调用getInstance方法时,会调用内部类的构造方法,其他人无法使用静态内部类,因此可以按需创建!
6.使用双重校验锁 (推荐)
需要知道一个锁的弊端,当第一个线程获得锁并创建实例后,第二个线程仍然会获得锁,导致效率降低
因此,只在第一次试图创建实例的时候需要加锁!
方法复杂,容易出错建议第五种~!
package o2_singleton;
public class Test02 {
/**
* 单例模式,饿汉式,线程安全
*/
public static class Singleton {
private final static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
private Singleton() {
}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return INSTANCE;
}
}
/**
* 单例模式,懒汉式,线程不安全
*/
public static class Singleton2 {
private static Singleton2 instance = null;
private Singleton2() {
}
public static Singleton2 getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton2();
}
return instance;
}
}
/**
* 单例模式,懒汉式,线程安全,多线程环境下效率不高
*/
public static class Singleton3 {
private static Singleton3 instance = null;
private Singleton3() {
}
public static synchronized Singleton3 getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton3();
}
return instance;
}
}
/**
* 单例模式,懒汉式,变种,线程安全
*/
public static class Singleton4 {
private static Singleton4 instance = null;
static {
instance = new Singleton4();
}
private Singleton4() {
}
public static Singleton4 getInstance() {
return instance;
}
}
/**
* 单例模式,使用静态内部类,线程安全【推荐】
*/
public static class Singleton5 {
private final static class SingletonHolder {
private static final Singleton5 INSTANCE = new Singleton5();
}
private Singleton5() {
}
public static Singleton5 getInstance() {
return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE;
}
}
/**
* 静态内部类,使用枚举方式,线程安全【推荐】
*/
public enum Singleton6 {
INSTANCE;
public void whateverMethod() {
}
}
/**
* 静态内部类,使用双重校验锁,线程安全【推荐】
*/
public static class Singleton7 {
private volatile static Singleton7 instance = null;
private Singleton7() {
}
public static Singleton7 getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (Singleton7.class) {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton7();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(Singleton.getInstance() == Singleton.getInstance());
System.out
.println(Singleton2.getInstance() == Singleton2.getInstance());
System.out
.println(Singleton3.getInstance() == Singleton3.getInstance());
System.out
.println(Singleton4.getInstance() == Singleton4.getInstance());
System.out
.println(Singleton5.getInstance() == Singleton5.getInstance());
System.out.println(Singleton6.INSTANCE == Singleton6.INSTANCE);
System.out
.println(Singleton7.getInstance() == Singleton7.getInstance());
}
}