ssh远程执行找不到命令（交互式和非交互式shell）—— 筑梦之路

背景说明

ssh远程某台主机去执行命令时提示找不到命令，而手动登陆主机可以正常执行命令。

问题原因

• An interactive shell reads user input typed on a keyboard. Commands run in the current shell and the system waits for further instructions from the user. A Bash shell is an interactive shell.

• A non-interactive shell executes commands read from a file in a new subshell. The shell executes commands from the file and exits. Init, startup, and executed shell scripts start non-interactive shells.

使用xshell这样的工具登陆服务器后就是交互式shell，如果在当前shell中再启动一个shell，这个子shell就是非交互式shell

如何区别交互式和非交互式shell

$ ssh test@127.0.0.1 'echo $0'
bash

$ echo $0
-bash

-bash的输出就是交互式shell，反之就是非交互式shell

• .bashrc defines the settings for a user when running a subshell. Add custom configurations to this file to make parameters available in subshells for a specific user.

• .bash_profile defines the settings for a user when running a login shell. Add custom configurations to this file to make parameters available to a specific user when running a login shell.

 交互式shell会执行 .bash_profile（其中包含了.bashrc），而非交互式shell只会执行.bashrc

简单地来说，交互式shell和非交互式shell使用的环境变量文件不同，因此远程执行命令的时候会出现找不到命令的情况。